1920's and 30's Foreign Policy Flashcards
how many soldiers died during WW2?
50,000
what attitude did America have to foreign policy (largely caused by WW2)?
isolationism and nativism
when and what was the influenza pandemic?
- Kansas in March 1918
- spread through the US and reached US soldiers in France
- 700,000 deaths in the US (4 million total)
what was red scare?
fear of communism
how much did the allies owe America after the war?
$22 billion (needed to expand trade to pay back but difficult with US tariffs)
when did Germany refuse to pay installments of the $33 billion they owed to America, France, and Belgium?
1922
how many Germany refugees did the US let in between 1933 and 38?
60,000 (showed even during Nazi persecution, America didn’t lift immigration restrictions)
what global organization refuses to join after WW1?
league of nations (isolationism) - still attended 40 meetings
what was the 1922 Washington conference?
- Between US, GB, Japan, France, and Italy
- agree to limit arms and tonnage of battleships
- four power treaty kept chinese open door policy and maintain each other’s interest in the far east
- placed no limits on the size of armies
what was the 1928 Kellogg-Briand France
- created by US and French
- signed by 15 countries - agreed not to go to war unless as self-defense
(toothless agreement with no sanctions for those who broke it)
(Dawes and Young plan)
what was it?
- The USA willing to lend money to restore economies after the war and to stop the spread of communism
(Dawes and Young plan)
who was asked to investigate Germany’s lack of repayment in 1923?
dawes (published report in 1924)
(Dawes and Young plan)
what were German payments reduced to?
$250 million per year (increasing for the next 5 years)
(Dawes and Young plan)
what was the 1929 Young plan?
- young scaled down German repayments to $26 billion, paid back over 59 years
(the US lent Germany money to repay allies but the allies used this to repay the US - the US are essentially paying themselves back)
what were realtions like with latin america in the 20’s?
- us investments btween 1924-29 doubled to $3 billion
- in 1923 general electrics, controlled provision of electrics in 8 countries
- in 1926 5000 troops sent to nicaragua to deal with civil war
what was FDR’s good neighbor policy in the 1930’s?
- improve economic cooperation with latin america
- US troops left Haiti, dominican republic and Nicaragua
- 1934, platt ammendment taking cuba was gone, just retained guantanamo bay
- 1934 reciprocal trade agreement act replealed 1920’s isolationsit policies for better foreign trade
what was the first 1935 neutrailty act?
- gave president power to stop ships carrying US made munittion to warring countires
what was the second 1936 neutrialty act?
banned loans or credits to countries at war (no limit on trade of materials)
what was the third 1937 neutrality act?
banned export of munition to either of opposing forces in spain
(allowed cash and carry trade with warring countries)
what was the fourth neutrality act of 1937?
- allowed president to decide what could and couldnt be bought to be paid for on delivery
(the Panay incident)
when did ’20s attitudes become anti-Japanese?
- after Japan invaded China in 1937
(the Panay incident)
what event happned with the japanse in december 1937?
- american gun boat USS Panay sunk by japanses ship off coast of Korea
- could have lead to war, congress wanted peace so japan just paid compensation
(Roosevelt’s 1930’s changing views on neutrality)
what did roosevelt fear?
- gowing totalitarian states of germany, italy and japan building large armies
(Roosevelt’s 1930’s changing views on neutrality)
in 1937 poll, how many eople thought US invoment in WW1 was mistake, and how many wnated to stay out of future wars?
70%
95%
what was the 1937 Quarantine speech?
- warned of dangers of war and totalitarianism (but also isolationism)
- suggest quarantine of aggressors (most likely Germany and Japan)
when did Japan attack Mnchuria and leave the league of nations?
1931
what did Japan go against when they started expanding their Mary in the 30’s?
1922 Washington Agreement (only supposed to be 60% what it was)
what did America do in response to japans growing totalitarianism?
closed panama canal and stopped trade of things like oil and resources (crippled Japan)
what did Japan do in response to America stopping trade with them?
Pearl Harbour
when and what was pearl harbour?
December 1941
- bombed naval base in Hawaii
- 18 ships gone
- 2403 killed
what did pearl harbour lead to?
- 8th December US declare war on Japan
- 11th December, Germany declare war on US
- US involvement in d-Day in June 1944
when and what was the atomic bomb sent by Truman?
- August 1945 to get the Japanese to stop fighting
- Hiroshima (70,000 killed)
- Nagasaki (40,000 killed)
- Japan surrenders and the war ends
