Development of the Cold War (Ike and communism)

Question 1

What is NATO?

Answer 1

• April 1949
• unite America and Western Europe
• done to stop soviet expansion after Berlin crisis
• if any of the countries were attacked the others would go and help

Question 2

What is the Warsaw Pact?

Answer 2

• Stalin felt threatened by NATO some in 1955 he set up Warsaw
• military alliance of 8 countries to counter NATO and support each other if attacked

Question 3

How did Khrushchev differ from Stalin?

Answer 3

• Stalin died in 1953

- Khrushchev got rid of Stalins regime, improved living standards and related prisoners of war

Question 4

Why did US expect better relations with Khrushchev?

Answer 4

• signed Austrian peace treaty in 1955 where Soviets were one of the 4 powers to leave. Austria (firs time soviets have surrendered since ww2)
• first soviet leader to visit America
• agreed to de-stalinisation of Europe

Question 5

what was the space race?

Answer 5

Russia sent first satellite sputnik into space in 1967 (communism winning)

• Russia sent first man into space in 1961
• US tried to put first man on moon to prove capitalism better than communism`

Question 6

What happened in Hungary?

Answer 6

• moderate communism led by Nagy threatened to leave Warsaw (would make them neutral enemies like the US)
• Khrushchev sent tanks to stop the rebellion
• Nagy killed and replaced with the more soviet Kadar

Question 7

Why did Berlin course tension between Eisenhower and Khrushchev?

Answer 7

• the west would recognise east Germany as a country
• Khrushchev tried to forced west into recognising them by threatening to give access routes to West Berlin to east Germany

Question 8

when did Eisenhower and Khrushchev meet?

Answer 8

• sept 1959 (no progress on Berlin)

Question 9

What was the Suez Canal issue?

Answer 9

• July 1956 Egypt leader Nasser took canal which uk and France use as trade waterway

(Egypt and Syria increasingly turned to USSR after seeing hostility of uk and France)

Question 10

by how much did Khrushchev crease the red army by?

Answer 10

half a million men

Question 11

why didn’t the US help Hungary?

Answer 11

it would cause bad relations with the soviets

• US were preoccupied with Suez Canal
• USSR had nuclear weapons (only got involved with Korea because Korea didn’t)

Question 12

When was the Paris summit and why did it fail?

Answer 12

• 1966
• just before soviets shot down US plane and found Gary power was dying
• Ike admitted to spying so Khrushchev refused peace talks

Question 13

what ultimatum did the soviets give the west and when?

Answer 13

• west must do something with West Berlin or face consequences (nov 1958)
• west didn’t budge so they backed down in march 1959

Question 14

How did the US respond to Suez Canal?

Answer 14

• Eisenhower Doctrine:
  forced uk to withdraw with threat of financial sanctions

(Ike wanted involvement with Middle East for oil and alliance against communism)