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USA History (1920 - 1975) > Key facts (1920-45) > Flashcards

Key facts (1920-45) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Hardings policy?

A
  • return to normalcy
  • laissez faire
  • isolationism
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2
Q

what was the budget and accounting act by Harding?

A

reduced budget from 5 billion to 3 billion in 2 years

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3
Q

what did Harding cut taxes to?

A

from 73% to 25% (post war boom)

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4
Q

what was the teapot dome scandal?

A

Albert fall found to have sold off contracts for federal oil reserves and accepted bribes from highest bidder

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5
Q

What was Coolidge’s policy?

A
  • isolationist and restrict immigration

- didn’t interfere but supported big business and oversaw economic boom

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6
Q

What did US debt decrease to Under Mellon (Harding presidency)?

A

from 27 billion to 17 billon in 1929

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7
Q

why was hoover unpopular?

A
  • bonus marchers
  • laissez faire attitude was very bad during depression
  • too little too late
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8
Q

when and what was the Hawley Smoot tariff act?

A 
1930
increased tariffs (encourage US goods but massively reduced foreign trade)
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9
Q

what was the AAA in 1933?

A
  • to stop over production
  • 10.5 million acres of crop ploughed over
  • 6 million piglets killed
  • farm income rose from, 4.5 billion in 32 to 6.9 billion in 35
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10
Q

what was the TVA in 1933?

A
  • harnessed power of Tennessee river
  • built 20- dams
  • stopped soil erosion and hydro-electicity
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11
Q

what was the 1933 emergency banking relief act?

A

gave treasury power to investigate banks in order to restore confidence
(get people putting money back in banks)

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12
Q

what was the 1933 Glass steagall act?

A

increased regulation of the banks

only certain banks can invest in stocks and deposits were insured

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13
Q

what was the 1933 NRA?

A
  • help industrial recovery
  • temporary lift of anti trust measures
  • codes of practice like high wage (few successful)
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14
Q

what was the 1933 PWA?

A
  • public works to boost economy
  • $3.3 billion spent
  • 13,000 schools and 50,000 miles fo road (lots of jobs)
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15
Q

what was the 1933 Federal relief act?

A
  • $500 million to states for welfare for unemployment
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16
Q

what was the 1933 CCC?

A
  • for unemployed 17-24

- planted 1.3 billion trees

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17
Q

what was the WPA in 1935?

A
  • recruited for public works projects

- employed 2 million by 1941 (wages lower than industry)

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18
Q

what was the 1935 Wagner act?

A
  • workers rights to collective bargaining

- increased rights to unions

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19
Q

what was the 1935 social security act?

A
  • pensions (after 1940)

- unemployment benefits with max of $18 for 16 weeks

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20
Q

what was the 1935 banking act?

A
  • banks centralised

- control moved from NY to Washington (now under government control)

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21
Q

when and what was the Fordney Mccumber Tariff act?

A

1922

- raised taxes to highest ever level

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22
Q

what did wages increase by between 1923 and 1929?

A

8%

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23
Q

how did advertising develop in the 20’s?

A

became a scenic where advert tailored to specific people

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24
Q

what were car production times in 1913 and 1920?

A

a car every 3 minutes in 1913 and every 10 seconds in 1920

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25
Q

how many cars were there by the end of the 20’s?

A

4.5 million

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26
Q

how many shares were trade in 1926 and 1929?

A

451 million and 1.1 billion

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27
Q

how many people were still below poverty line in the boom?

A

40%

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28
Q

how many farmers were in poverty by 1928?

A

50%

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29
Q

what did over production after ww1 do to the price of wheat?

A

dropped from $2.5 to $1 for a bushel

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30
Q

how many banks were there in the 20’s?

A

30,000 (lots od small banks)

not well regulated meant they couldn’t deal with withdrawals during crash

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31
Q

how many shares were from borrowed money by 1929?

A

75% (created artificially high prices - everyone in debt)

32
Q

what did unemployment increase to during the depression?

A

from 3.2% in 1929 to 25.2% in 1933

33
Q

who was unemployment worse for during the depression?

A
  • unemployment 4x higher for blacks

- also much higher for women

34
Q

how many were homeless in 1932?

A

2 million

35
Q

what did the dust bowl cause in the 20’s?

A

1 million to leave and and come to city looking for work

36
Q

what was unemployment after the new deal?

A

18 million in 1933
9 million in 1939
(no unemployment in 1942)

37
Q

when and what was Roosevelts recession?

A

1937

- another recession after FDR reduce gov spending

38
Q

what was debt in 1941 and 1945?

A

$41 billion and $260 billion

39
Q

what did farm income increase by during ww2?

A

250%

40
Q

when did women get the vote?

A

1920 19th amendment

41
Q

what did female employment increase to In the 20’s?

A

increase by 2 million between 1920 and 1930

42
Q

when did Sanger create American birth control league?

A

1921

43
Q

how many women were domestic servants?

A

700,000

44
Q

what was the 1933 economy act bad for women?

A
  • forbade members of sae family working for gov

- 75% of those who lost job were women

45
Q

why were NRA codes and CCC bad for women?

A
  • codes allowed unequal pay

- CC bared women (8000 work in admin roles)

46
Q

how many jobs were killed by men in 1940?

A

90%

47
Q

how many women entered too workforce in 1944?

A

6.5 million

48
Q

how many women were unemployed by end of the war?

A

60%

49
Q

how many women served in WW2?

A

350,000

50
Q

how many black moved north during WW1?

A

400,000

51
Q

how many black served in army in ww1?

A

300,000

52
Q

howe many members did the KKK have in 1920 and 1925?

A

100,000 and 5 million

53
Q

how many blacks did the CCC employ?

A

200,000 out of 2.75 million employees

54
Q

when were the armed forces desegregated?

A

1948

55
Q

when and what was the fair employment practices committee (FEPC)?

A

1941

prevent discrimination at work

56
Q

what was the 1921 immigration quota act?

A

number of immigrants allowed was 3% of their population in 1910

57
Q

what was the 1924 national origins act?

A

immigration was 2% of 1890 population

58
Q

when was the Sacco Vanzetti case showing discrimination to Italian immigrants?

A

1920

59
Q

how many Japanese and German immigrants were rounded up because of ww2?

A
  • 2000 Japanese (detention centres)

- 14,000 germans

60
Q

what foreign policy did America want after WW1?

A
  • mainly isolationist

- focus on trade interests in far east

61
Q

what did a 1937 poll of WW1 show?

A
  • 70% thought WW1 was mistake

- 95% didn’t want involvement in future wars

62
Q

when and what was the Washington conference?

A

1922

- Japan, UK, US, France agree to respect interests in china and limit arms (no enforcement)

63
Q

when and what was the Kellog Braid pact?

A
  • 1928

- 15 countries agree not to wage war unless in self defence

64
Q

when and what was the Dawes and young plan?

A

1924

  • Germany given loan of 800 million marks
  • young scale down repayments to 26 billion over 59 years
65
Q

what did investment in Latin America increase to between 1924-29?

A

doubled to 3 billion

66
Q

how many countries in Latin America did General Electric control?

A

8 by 1923

67
Q

how many troops were sent to the 1926 Nicaragua civil war?

A

5000

68
Q

what was the 1930’s good neighbour policy?

A

US troops left Haiti, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua

69
Q

when and what was the treaty that nullified the 1901 platt amendment?

A
  • reversed US occupation of Cuba

- kept Guantanamo bay

70
Q

when and what were the neutrality acts?

A
  • 1935-37
  • wouldn’t trade and give loans to countries at war
  • wouldn’t trade with warring Spanish sides
  • gave president power to chose who to trade with
71
Q

when and what was the Panay incident?

A

1937

  • USS Panay sunk by Japanese warship
  • US accept compensation - don’t want another war
72
Q

when and what was the lend lease scheme?

A
  • march 1941

- lend arms and supplies to countries whose defence helps America (Britain and Russia)

73
Q

when did German U boat attack American ships and how did lead to US entry to WW2?

A
  • October 1941
  • US ship sunk killing 126 Americans
  • neutrality acts repealed so merchants ships armed themselves
74
Q

how did Japans actions lead to US joining WW2?

A
  • 1931 Japan invades china breaking league of nations
  • Japan took advantage of 1937 Chinese civil war
  • US lend $250 million to china
  • US close Panama Canal and ban oil exports to Japan in 1940
75
Q

which countries did Nazis occupy by 1940?

A
  • Norway, holland, Denmark, Belgium, france

USA History (1920 - 1975) (36 decks)

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