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History > Joseph Stalin > Flashcards

Joseph Stalin Flashcards

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1
Q

Who did Stalin come to power after

A

Lenin

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2
Q

what was Stalin’s propaganda centred around?

A

building a ‘cult of personality’

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3
Q

‘cult of personality’ quote

A

“everywhere in Moscow one sees nothing but Lenin and Stalin became a personification of that sanctity”

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4
Q

What was controlled by Stalin and the Communist party?

A

newspaper, radio and cinema

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5
Q

what were artists and writers expected to do?

A

to adhere to guidelines issued by the communist party

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6
Q

what was the failure of Stalin’s economic policies put down to?

A

spies and sabotages

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7
Q

what did the media say about the 5 year plans?

A

they exaggerated the results to the mainstream population

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8
Q

What other forms of propaganda was used?

A

-towns and cities were named after him
-statues erected of him
-posters and pictures hung in every town

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9
Q

what did his cult of personality depict him as?

A

a “god-like figure”, who could do no wrong

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10
Q

what was done to history?

A

-it was rewritten to portray Stalin in a more prominent light
-he was given a more prominent role in the October revolutions

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11
Q

what did the 1st 5 Year Plan focus on?

A

The industrialisation of the country (emphasis on heavy industry: coal,iron,etc.)

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12
Q

were the goals set out for the 5 Year Plans realistic?

A

they were highly unrealistic (330% increase in heavy industry production)

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13
Q

What did propaganda say about the 5 Year Plans?

A

they hailed them as a success

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14
Q

what did the media ignore about the 5 Year Plans?

A

that the large emphasis led to food shortages and a reduction in the quality of life in industrial cities

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15
Q

what was a key element to the 5 Year Plans?

A

public work schemes e.g Railway System in Moscow

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16
Q

what was used to motivate workers?

A

terror + propaganda

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17
Q

what was used to reward efficient workers?

A

propaganda

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18
Q

who was Aleksei Stakhanaov?

A

a worker who was said to have produced 102 tonnes of coal in one shift

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19
Q

What happened over a 10 year period in the USSR?

A

the country transformed from an over-reliance on agriculture to an industrial powerhouse

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20
Q

what was collectivisation?

A

an economic policy followed by Stalin to make agriculture more productive and efficient to growing population of the USSR

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21
Q

what did collectivisation mean?

A

small, individually owned peasant farms transformed into larger state-run farms

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22
Q

how did peasants react to collectivisation?

A

they resisted

23
Q

How did Stalin react to the peasants resistance to collectivisation?

A

he instilled terror and fear into them

24
Q

how did Stalin instill terror and fear into the peasants?

A

-they were arrested
-villages bombed
-5 million sent to gulags
-tortured them

25
Q

How did the Kulaks resist collectivisation?

A

they slaughtered their own livestock and crops

26
Q

what did Stalin label the Kulaks who refused to give up their farms?

A

“enemies of the workers”

27
Q

how did Stalin respond to the Kulaks resistance?

A

he instigated a famine as state policy (Holodom Famine Ukraine 1932)

28
Q

What were the Great Purges?

A

a reign of terror aimed at the communist party

29
Q

what was the purpose of the Great Terror?

A

to remove any threat to Stalin’s power

30
Q

what instigated the start of The Purges?

A

the murder of Sergei Kirov (used as an excuse to purge his own party)

31
Q

what did Stalin claim publicly?

A

that there were many plots against his role, and that he would root out the “enemies” inside the party and out

32
Q

What was Stalin’s police force called?

A

the NKVD

33
Q

who did the NKVD replace?

A

the Cheka

34
Q

what was the aim of the NKVD?

A

to root out “enemies of state”

35
Q

what did the NKVD consist of?

A

secret police, border police, fire brigade and local police units

36
Q

what did the NKVD do?

A

-used to state policy interrogation methods
-carried out unauthorised executions and arrests on citizens

37
Q

what was the impact of interrogations and arrests?

A

they developed a culture of fear amongst the population

38
Q

What were Gulags?

A

state labour campsdeveloped to support increasing industrialisation of the country

39
Q

what were the prisoners of the gulags known as?

A

Zeks

40
Q

how long did Zeks work for?

A

14 hours a day

41
Q

what were the workers in the Gulags used for?

A

public work schemes (construction of the White Baltic Canal)

42
Q

what were the Show Trials?

A

a series of propaganda trials held in Russia

43
Q

Who was removed in the Show trials?

A

Zinoviev and Kamenev

44
Q

what were the defendants accused of doing? (Show Trials)

A

fabricated accusations were made up

45
Q

how were the defendants forced to plead gulty?

A

-they were tortured and beaten
-families theatened

46
Q

who were the accused in the Show Trials?

A

-members of the public
-political opposition of Stalin (Zinoviev and Kamenev)
-members of the NKVD (Yagoda)

47
Q

The defendants should be:

A

“shot like mad dogs”

48
Q

what were defendants subjected to?

A

months of interrogations and isolation

49
Q

what was used against the defendants families?

A

torture and threats

50
Q

what was made to defendants?

A

false promises that if they confessed they would be spared execution and their families kept safe

51
Q

what were the defendants charged on?

A

-murdering Kirov
-plotting to murder Stalin
-conspiring with foreign powers
-working with Trotsky

52
Q

who was the prosecutor?

A

Andrei Vyshinsky

53
Q

what was the propaganda success of the Show Trials?

A

Soviet authorities displayed the trials as triumphs for the state

54
Q

what was developed as a result of the Trials?

A

a culture of fear was established (ordinary Russians were shocked by the brutality displayed against the defendants)

History (16 decks)

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