Church State Relations-Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What was Mussolini’s attitude towards the Catholic Church?

A

He saw the relationship between the church/state as an important role

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2
Q

Why did Mussolini see the relationship between the church and state as important?

A

Every single person born in Italy was Catholic

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3
Q

What was Mussolini’s beliefs?

A

He did not believe in God and strongly opposed the Church

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4
Q

What did Mussolini understand about the church?

A

He understood the influence the Church had over Italian society

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5
Q

How did Mussolini illustrate his understanding of the power held by the Church? (2 details)

A

-he baptised his children
-held a religious ceremony with his wife who he was already married to for over 10 years

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6
Q

What did Mussolini seek to create?

A

He wanted to create a unified Italy

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7
Q

What did he identify as an integral part of his policies to create a unified Italy?

A

Reconciliation with the Church

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8
Q

How did the Catholic Church view Mussolini?

A

He was viewed as a ‘safeguard’ against communism

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9
Q

How did Mussolini develop relations with the Church? (5 details)

A

-allowed religion instruction in schools
-government bailed out the Catholic Bank of Roma from financial difficulties
-baptised his children + ceremony with his wife
-banned several publications + swearing in public
-banned abortion and contraception

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10
Q

What was The Lateran Pact?

A

An agreement between the Church and Mussolini’s government

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11
Q

What did the Lateran Pact look to restore?

A

The pope’s control over the Vatican

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12
Q

What did the Lateran Pact settle?

A

The Roman Question

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13
Q

What was signed as a result of the Lateran Pact?

A

The concordat

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14
Q

What did the concordat mean for the Church? (3 details)

A

-Vatican would be an independent sovereign country
- church was compensated for the land lost in the Italian reunification
-Catholicism was made the official state religion

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15
Q

What did the improved relations with the Church mean for Mussolini?

A

-brought him popularity and prestige

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16
Q

How did the concordat effect (the Church? (3 details)

A

-meant that clergy could not belong to a political party
-bishops would be all Italian
-pope could not interfere in Italian international affairs

17
Q

What led to tensions developing between the Church and Mussolini?

A

The Church interfered with politics through youth organisations

18
Q

What was the name of the Catholic youth organisation that interfered with politics?

A

Catholic Action

19
Q

What did Mussolini threaten to do to the youth organisation?

A

To destroy it

20
Q

What did Pope Pius do to Mussolini?

A

He openly opposed his handling of the situation

21
Q

What did the Pope ban?

A

Catholics from reading leading fascist books

22
Q

What did the Church oppose?

A

The racial laws