ABOD (DBQ) Flashcards
what do ulster protestants believe they have?
a distinctive cultural identity
what became a crucial element of their cultural identity?
the annual marches
what did the annual marches become?
a crucial element of their cultural identity
what did the ABOD march of August 12th 1969 lead to?
the Battle of the Bogside
What become the focal point of Catholic misgivings about their mistreatment as second-class citizens?
the ABOD
what is seen by many as the start of the troubles?
the Battle of the Bogside
what began in 1688?
the jacobite-Williamite war
when did the Jacobite-Williamite war begin?
1688
where did protestants from across Ulster take refuge during the war?
in the walled city of Derry
who ordered the protestants to open let his troops in?
James’ army commander
what did 13 Apprentice boys shout?
“no surrender”
what did the 13 Apprentice boys do?
they locked the gates of Derry against the advancing army
what happened when the army commander ordered the protestants to let his troops in?
the city’s leaders debated
how long did the siege last?
105 days
how many protestants died over the course of the siege?
over 4000
what did the protestants die of?
either starvation or disease
what has always held a special place in the hearts of Unionists?
the endurance and fortitude of Derry’s citizens during the siege of Derry and the annual commemorations held there
for decades their commemorations did what?
passed off peacefully
when did tensions begin to rise?
from the mid 1960s
what was the cause of these rising tensions in the mid 1960s?
grievances of Derry’s Catholics growing
what did the siting of Northern Ireland’s second university in Coleraine rather than Derry confirm in the minds of many?
the so-called ‘West of the Bann’ policy
what was also a grave injustice? (2 details)
-the gerymandering unionist majority on Derry city council
-unemployment was highest in the Catholic Bogside of the city
correspondingly, what was also a concern to Unionists?
the growth of NICRA
what did Unionist fear for as a result of the growth of NICRA?
the status quo in their “sacred” city
what was there once again?
a sense of Unionists under siege
what was evidence of Unionist being under siege?
the banning of a Civil Rights march in October 1968
did the civil rights marches still go ahead?
yes
who captured the scenes of the illegal marches?
RTE cameraman Gay O brien
where was the footage seen of the illegal marches?
all around the world
what did the footage of the marches show?
showed peaceful civil rights protesters being beaten with batons and kicked by police officers
who organised a march from Belfast to Derry?
The People’s democracy movement
when did the People’s Democracy Movement organise the march from Belfast to derry?
New Year’s day 1969
what did the People’s Democracy Movement organising the march from Belfast to derry do?
further intensified tensions
what happened on the fourth day of the People’s Democracy march?
the peaceful protesters were attacked with sticks and stones by a loyalist mob
where were the peaceful protesters attacked (People’s Democracy)?
Burntollet Bridge outside Derry
did the RUC do anything?
No
who died in the lead up to the Apprentice Boys march?
Catholic Sammy Devenney
what did Sammy Devenney die as a result of?
injuries from a RUC beating in April
what did Residents vow to do?
not allow the RUC into the Bogside ever again
what did the Apprentice boys throw from the walls onto the bogside?
pennies
what did young catholics retaliate with?
stones and petrol bombs
what ensued between police and nationalists?
a riot
what did RUC do once the young catholics retaliated with petrol bombs and stones?
they charged into the Bogside
who were called in to relieve the exhausted police?
The B specials
after 4 days of rioting, what had happened?
-7 people had died (5 catholic)
- 180 premises burnt out (mostly catholic owned)
what did the British Government do when riots across the North?
they sent troops in to restore law and order, to protect nationalists and to keep the peace
what is the Battle of the Bogside seen by most experts as?
the day the Troubles began
