Butt and Parnell Flashcards
what was Ireland’s internal and external affairs controlled and managed by?
the British government in Westminster
following the ——- in —-
Act of Union in 1801
who developed a movement aimed at achieving self governance in Ireland?
Butt and Parnell
Who was Isaac Butt?
leader of the Amnesty Association and defender of Fenians in court
what was Isaac Butt initially?
supportive of the Act of Union
what did Butt form?
the Home Governance Association (HGA)
when did Butt form the HGA?
1870
why did Butt form the HGA?
to put pressure on the British government to implement Home Rule for Ireland
who did the HGA receive the support from?
tenants,landlords,presbyterians, catholics and anglicans
what did Butt reform the HGA to?
the Home Rule League (HRL)
what would the Home Rule league go on to do?
win 59 of the 105 available Irish seats in Westminster in the 1874 general election
in parliament, what policy did Butt follow?
a policy of independent opposition
what did the policy of independent opposition mean?
Butt refused to support either the Liberals or Conservatives unless they returned the favour
did the conservatives and liberals comply with Butts demands?
no
what did Butt do when the parties did not comply?
took no effective action
what did a group of 5 Fenians decide to do?
follow a policy of parliamentary obstructionism
what did parliamentary obstructionism involve?
delaying the passing of bills by giving long, pointless speeches to get the HRL noticed
who did the 5 fenians receive support from?
Parnell
who was elected as the new leader of the Home Rule Confederation of Britan?
Parnell
why was Parnell becoming leader significant?
as the party now had the support of a new MP who would go on to develop the movement
what was Parnell in support of?
the self-governance of Ireland
how did Parnell reform the HRL?
-renamed it to the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP)
-introduced a party pledge
what did the party pledge ensure?
-that no political divisions would form through voting
-that all members of the party were truly loyal to the HR movement
who led the group of 5 Fenians?
Joseph Biggar
what did the party pledge mean?
members were obliged to votes as a bloc (as one) or risk losing their seat
when was a general election called?
1885
what did Parnell aim to do in the 1885 General Election?
hold the balance of power between the two leading parties in Westminster
In equalising the support for both Conservatives and Liberals, what did Parnell hope would happen?
neither would be able to form a majority without IPP support
what did Parnell urge the Irish IPP supporters to do?
vote for the Conservatives
what did Parnell urging the Irish IPP supporters to vote for the Conservatives do?
helped the IPP win the support of the Catholic Church
what did the Catholic Church hope to receive from the Conservatives?
funding for Catholic Education
did Parnell’s plan succeed?
yes
what could neither the Conservatives or the Liberals not do?
form a majority and take power
all the IPP had to do was what following the results of the election?
wait for an offer to cooperate with another party
why did Parnell urge the Irish IPP supporters to vote for the Conservative Party?
as the Liberals had more support from the outset
what did Herbert Gladstone hint at?
that his father may be inclined to support the Home Rule Movement
what is the name of the son of the Labour party leader?
Herbert Gladstone
who were the talks between?
the Liberal Party and the IPP
in January 1886, what did the IPP and Liberal Party do?
combined to vote the Conservatives out and take the power themselves
what did Gladstone table?
the first Home Rule Bill
what did many politicians mistrust?
Parnells motives
what happened to the First Home Rule Bill?
it was defeated in the House of Commons
what would ultimately damage the HR movement?
Parnell’s personal life
what happened in parnell’s personal life?
he had an affair with a married woman named Katharine O Shea
when did the affair become widespread knowledge?
when her husband filed for divorce in 1890
what did the slandering of the movement’s leader lead to?
Gladstone demanding that the IPP replace Parnell as leader or lose labour support
did Parnell accept Gladstones demand?
no
what was the result of Parnell’s refusal?
-the party losing the support of the Catholic Church
-split the party in two
