Germany Flashcards
what did the Nazi’s aim to establish in Germany?
a totalitarian state
Hitler’s leadership quote:
” Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Adolf hitler”
how did Hitler maintain his power?
-terror
-propaganda
- introduction of the enabling act
- the night of the long knives
what was made compulsory for citizens to use when greeting people?
the straight-arm salute, with the words “Heil Hitler”
what happened to Media outlets that published or broadcasted anti Nazi material?
they were shut down
what were the media required to do?
promote Nazi propaganda
what were the purpose of concentration camps?
to hold thousands of ordinary criminals and political opponents, especially communists
what happened in concentration camps?
many of the prisoners were used as forced labour, while hundreds were murdered
who were murdered and tortured in the concentration camps?
Jews and those who openly criticised the Nazi’s
what was the name of the secret police?
the Gestapo
what was the role of the Gestapo?
they investigated political opponents and maintained state security and counterintelligence
what happened to the Nazi parties most vocal opponents?
they were arrested and murdered
what did propaganda ensure?
that Nazis remained popular among the public
who was head of Nazi propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels
what was Joseph Goebbels appointed as?
Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
what did Nazi propaganda extend to?
broadcasting, art, music and literature
what did Nazi propaganda promote?
the view that the germans were a Herrenvolk (master race)
what were the German seemingly threatened by?
‘sub humans’ such as Jews, homosexuals, the disabled and those belonging to ‘inferior’ racial groups (Slavs and the Roma)
what did Nazi propaganda denounce as degenerate?
the art and literature of Jews and others whose work was not in keeping with Nazi ideals
how did propaganda portray Hitler to be?
a powerful leader who would restore Germany’s greatness once again
who would Hitler protect Germany from?
the dangers posed by communists and Jews
what was the Nazi flag?
a red and white flag with the black swastika at its centre
what was the name of Hitlers book?
‘Mein Kampf’
what book became compulsory reading?
‘Mein Kampf’
what did propaganda emphasise?
the need to expand German territory to gain Lebensraum and the need to increase the German military
what did Goebbels use to spread the Nazi message to reach as many Germans as possible?
the mass media of newspapers, cinema and radio
what did Goebbels order the production of?
cheap radios known as Volksempfanger (people’s receivers)
how were the radios designed?
that only German stations could easily be received
what did the German radio stations broadcast?
popular music, drama and political programmes
what country had the highest ownership of radios by 1939?
Germany
what did schools become?
places of indoctrination
what happened to teachers Nazis found to be disloyal or questionable?
they were removed
what was the education system focused on?
racial science, obedience to the state, physical fitness, and an anti-Semitic Nazi version of History
what were boys reminded of in school?
of their obligation to join the military
what were Girls groomed in school to do?
to become mothers to future generations of loyal citizens
what was the name of the youth groups established?
-Hitler Youth
- League of German Maidens
what did Hitler Youth provide boys?
physical and military training, which they would use when they joined the army at 18
what were central to Nazi propaganda?
The Nuremberg Rallies
what was the most important annual event in the Nazi calendar?
The Nuremberg Rallies
how long did the Rallies last for?
1 week
how many people attended the Rallies?
at least 500,000
who did the attendees of the rallies include?
Nazi party officials, the SS, the SA and party supporters
what happened at the rallies?
-SA bands played music
- SS in black uniforms and SA in brown uniforms gave huge displays of miltary marching
-Nazi propaganda and flags displayed
what did the rallies aim to demonstrate?
the strength and unity of the Nazis
what were displayed throughout Nuremburg?
Nazi flags
what were highly orchestrated events?
Hitlers speeches
what did Hitler spend years perfecting?
his gestures and speech patterns
why did Hitler spend years perfecting his gestures and speech patterns?
to portray a sense of power and win the support of his audience
what would Hitler do to build up anticipation?
arrive late
who filmed the Rallies?
Leni Riefenstahl
what was a central feature of Nazi ideology?
Anti-Semitism
who did the Nazi’s use as the scapegoats for all of Germany’s ills
the Jews
what happened in the lead up to the 1933 elections?
the SA mobs committed a wave of attacks against individual Jews and their Businesses
what were introduced soon after Hitler was introduced?
a series of anti-semetic laws
what were held against Jews?
-official boycotts of Jewish Businesses
-they forbidden to be teachers and judges
what was the name of the law which stripped Jews of German citizenship?
the Nuremburg Race Laws
What was Kristallnacht?
when a series of attacks were carried out against the Jewish community
how many Jewish businesses were destroyed?
over 7,500
how many synagogues were destroyed?
200
what order was given to the authorities? (Kristallnacht)
to arrest as many Jews as possible
