joints Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of joints

A
  1. fibrous joints 2. cartilage joints 3. synovial joints
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2
Q

2 types of fibrous joints

A
  1. sutures 2. ligaments
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3
Q

sutures 1. made of what type of tissue 2. location

A
  1. dense irregular connective tissue 2. found in skull
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4
Q

ligaments are made of what type of tissue

A

dense regular connective tissue

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5
Q

cartilage joints are found in what 3 places

A
  1. between ribs and sternum 2. between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) 3. between coxal bones (pubic symphysis)
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6
Q

synovial joints 1. are what 2. made of what 3. are filled w/ what

A
  1. capsules 2. dense irregular connective tissue 3. synovial fluid derived from blood to lubricate
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7
Q

2 things that might be in a synovial joint

A
  1. meniscus 2. ligaments–can also be wrapped over the synovial joint
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8
Q

meniscus 1. what is it 2. what two things does it do

A
  1. a pad of fibrocartilage inside a synovial joint 2. absorbs shock and helps stabilize joint
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9
Q

bursa(e) 1. are what 2. location

A
  1. independent synovial capsules filled w/ synovial fluid 2. found between synovial joint and surrounding soft tissue
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10
Q

tendon sheaths

A

similar to bursae but found wrapped around tendons

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11
Q

3 factors influencing synovial joint stability

A
  1. amount of muscle and tendons spanning the joint 2. presence of menisci and reinforcing ligaments 3. how well the ends of the articulating bones fit together
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12
Q

5 types of synovial joints

A
  1. ball and socket joints (shoulders/hips) 2. hinge joints (elbows/knees/phalanges) 3. condyloid joints–similar to ball and socket joints (where phalanges connect to metacarpals/metatarsals) 4. plane joints (carpals/tarsals) 5. pivot joints (C1/C2)
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13
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle across a joint

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14
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle across a joint

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15
Q

hyperextension

A

increasing the angle across a joint past anatomical position which commonly leads to joint injury

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16
Q

adduction

A

moving a body part closer to the midline

17
Q

abduction

A

moving a body part further from the midline

18
Q

rotation

A

twisting movement in a half circle

19
Q

dorsiflexion

A

standing on heels w/ balls of feet off the floor

20
Q

plantar flexion

A

standing on balls of feet

21
Q

sprain

A

caused by hyperextension or twisting of a joint and leads to inflammation

22
Q

inflammation

A

general body response to tissue injury characterized by pain, swelling, heat and redness

23
Q

strain

A

overstretched or overused muscle

24
Q

dislocation

A

bones come out of alignment across a joint

25
Q

cartilage tear

A

torn menisci caused by over compression of meniscus

26
Q

arthritis

A

general term for chronic joint inflammation

27
Q

osteoarthritis

  1. most what
  2. considered what
  3. what happens
  4. what’s the result
A
  1. most common type 2. considered a normal part of aging (wear and tear) 3. articular cartilage wears down and underlying bone tissue becomes exposed w/in the joint, rubbed on and inflamed 4. the exposed bone undergoes bone deposition forming bone spurs
28
Q

3 treatments for osteoarthritis

A
  1. anti-inflammatory meds (ibuprofen/aspirin/alleve) 2. low impact exercise–movement of joints stimulates production of synovial fluid) 3. medicated creams that stimulate temp. receptors (mainly a mental distraction)
29
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

  1. immune system does what
  2. replaced w/ what tissue
  3. replaced with what tissue
  4. result is
  5. onset years
  6. more common in
A
  1. immune system attacks and destroys synovial joint tissue 2. destroyed tissue is replaced w/ scar tissue 3. osteoblasts and osteoclasts enter the scar tissue and replace it w/ bone tissue 4. the bones are now fused across the joint 5. onset is usually in 30’s through 50’s 6. common in women
30
Q

treatment for rheumatoid arthritis

A

immune suppressive meds (humira)

31
Q

gouty arthritis “gout”

  1. is what 2. location
A
  1. crystals (made of uric acid) form in the synovial fluid, irritate the joint tissues causing inflammation 2. forms in joints of feet and toes
32
Q

2 risk factors for gout

A
  1. eating foods high in nucleic acids (seafood/organ meat/red meat) 2. dehydration because it increases uric acid concentration
33
Q

2 ways to prevent gout

A
  1. vitamin C 2. hydration