joints Flashcards
3 types of joints
- fibrous joints 2. cartilage joints 3. synovial joints
2 types of fibrous joints
- sutures 2. ligaments
sutures 1. made of what type of tissue 2. location
- dense irregular connective tissue 2. found in skull
ligaments are made of what type of tissue
dense regular connective tissue
cartilage joints are found in what 3 places
- between ribs and sternum 2. between vertebrae (intervertebral discs) 3. between coxal bones (pubic symphysis)
synovial joints 1. are what 2. made of what 3. are filled w/ what
- capsules 2. dense irregular connective tissue 3. synovial fluid derived from blood to lubricate
2 things that might be in a synovial joint
- meniscus 2. ligaments–can also be wrapped over the synovial joint
meniscus 1. what is it 2. what two things does it do
- a pad of fibrocartilage inside a synovial joint 2. absorbs shock and helps stabilize joint
bursa(e) 1. are what 2. location
- independent synovial capsules filled w/ synovial fluid 2. found between synovial joint and surrounding soft tissue
tendon sheaths
similar to bursae but found wrapped around tendons
3 factors influencing synovial joint stability
- amount of muscle and tendons spanning the joint 2. presence of menisci and reinforcing ligaments 3. how well the ends of the articulating bones fit together
5 types of synovial joints
- ball and socket joints (shoulders/hips) 2. hinge joints (elbows/knees/phalanges) 3. condyloid joints–similar to ball and socket joints (where phalanges connect to metacarpals/metatarsals) 4. plane joints (carpals/tarsals) 5. pivot joints (C1/C2)
flexion
decreasing the angle across a joint
extension
increasing the angle across a joint
hyperextension
increasing the angle across a joint past anatomical position which commonly leads to joint injury