integumentary system Flashcards
3 main cell types in the epidermis
- keratinocytes
- basal cells
- melanocytes
keratinocytes
- are the most what
- filled with what
- bound together via what 2 means
- release what
most abundant cell type in the epidermis
filled w/ a cytoskeletal protein called keratin
cells are bound together via tight junctions and desmosomes
release vesicles filled w/ lipids via exocytosis
basal cells
- located where
- continuosly do what
- do what to the epidermis
- at the very bottom of the epidermis
- continuously divide to produce a new basal cell and a new keratinocyte cell
- regenerate the epidermis
melanocytes
- located where
- produce what
- release what
- what happens to what it releases
- in deep layers of epidermis
- produce the protein melanin
- release vesicles filled w/ melanin via exocytosis
- melanin is then taken up by keratinocytes
what’s a callous and how is it caused
a thickening of the epidermis caused by friction which stimulates basal cells to divide faster
what is eczema
any kind of skin inflammation
psoriasis
a condition where the immune system attacks and kills keratinocytes prematurely
dandruff
fungal infection of epidermis of scalp which kills keratinocytes prematurely
epidermis is what and made of what
superficial layer of skin made of about 50 layers of stratified aquamous epithelium
dermis is what and contains what 5 things
middle layer of skin containing
- blood vessels
- nerves
- sensory receptors
- hair follicles
- bodies of skin glands
2 regions of dermis
papillary region
reticular region
papillary region
- location
- made of
- function
- very large where
- upper region of dermis
- areolar connective tissue
- it binds the epidermis to the dermis via dermal papillae
- large in palms of hands and soles of feet giving rise to prints
reticular region
- location
- made of
- function
- what happens when its torn
- below papillary region
- dense irregular tissue
3, provides skin w/ toughness
- scar tissue forms stretch marks
hypodermis
- location
- made of
- function
- thickest where
- bottom layer of skin
- adipose connective tissue (where most of the body’s adipose tissue is located)
- cushions body, insulates heat and stores lipids
- butt and breast skin
3 pigmnets that determine skin color
melanin
hemoglobin
carotene
hemoglobin
red color protien in blood that gives skin its reddish color by flowing through see-through walls in capillaries in the dermis and hypodermis
carotene
type of vitamin A stored in skin
it is orange-yellowish giving skin that hue
comes from orange-yellowish vegetables
suntans are caused how
UV exposure stimulating melanocytes to produce and release more melanin
freckles
patches of skin where melanocytes produce more melanin
moles
like freckles but have more melanin causing them to have a raised surface