Joints Flashcards
Joints
Aka articulations
Location where two or more bones meet
Structure classification
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Function classification
Sy’narthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Fibrous joints
Suture
- connects skull bones with dense connective tissue
Gomphosis
- ligament binding each tooth in its socket
Syndesmosis
- fibrous joint connected by a ligament
Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
- Hyaline cartilage present
Symphysis
- Fibrocartilage present
Synovial joints
Moveable joints
Articular cartilage and synovial fluid
Synarthrosis
Immovable joints
Can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Amphiarthrosis
Limitied movement
Can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable / synovial joints
Synovial joint types
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball & socket
Synovial joint function classes
Non axial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial (triaxial)
General synovial joint movements
Gliding
Angular movements
Rotations
Special movements
Gliding
Angular movements
Flexion - bending elbow and bringing it up to the body
Extension - straightening out elbow and moving it away from body
Hyperextension - The joint going past anatomical position
Angular movements continued
Abduction - moving body part away from midline
Adduction - moving body part towards midline
Circumduction - moving arm to make a “circle in the air” at hand
Rotation
A bone twists along the long axis
Special movements
Opposition - movement of the thumb across the palm
Reposition - return of the thumb to anatomical positon
Special movements (2)
Depression - movement of a body part in an inferior (down) direction
Elevation - movement of a body part in a superior (up) direction
Special movements (3)
Protraction - moving a body part in an anterior (forward) direction
Retraction - moving a body part in a posterior (backward) direction
Special movements (4)
Inversion - rotating the plantar surface towards midline
Eversion - rotating the plantar surface away from midline
Special movements (5)
Dorsiflexion - pointing toes up towards the head
Plantarflexion - pointing the toes towards the ground
Special movements (6)
Supination - anatomical position with the thumb out
Pornation - turning the palmer surface to the middle until it faces behind
What is sarcolemma
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber
Caveolae
Pockets in the smooth muscle sarcolemma that stores calcium extracellular
