Joints Flashcards
Joints
Aka articulations
Location where two or more bones meet
Structure classification
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Function classification
Sy’narthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Fibrous joints
Suture
- connects skull bones with dense connective tissue
Gomphosis
- ligament binding each tooth in its socket
Syndesmosis
- fibrous joint connected by a ligament
Cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
- Hyaline cartilage present
Symphysis
- Fibrocartilage present
Synovial joints
Moveable joints
Articular cartilage and synovial fluid
Synarthrosis
Immovable joints
Can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Amphiarthrosis
Limitied movement
Can be fibrous or cartilaginous
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable / synovial joints
Synovial joint types
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Saddle
Ball & socket
Synovial joint function classes
Non axial
Uniaxial
Biaxial
Multiaxial (triaxial)
General synovial joint movements
Gliding
Angular movements
Rotations
Special movements
Gliding
Angular movements
Flexion - bending elbow and bringing it up to the body
Extension - straightening out elbow and moving it away from body
Hyperextension - The joint going past anatomical position
Angular movements continued
Abduction - moving body part away from midline
Adduction - moving body part towards midline
Circumduction - moving arm to make a “circle in the air” at hand
Rotation
A bone twists along the long axis
Special movements
Opposition - movement of the thumb across the palm
Reposition - return of the thumb to anatomical positon
Special movements (2)
Depression - movement of a body part in an inferior (down) direction
Elevation - movement of a body part in a superior (up) direction
Special movements (3)
Protraction - moving a body part in an anterior (forward) direction
Retraction - moving a body part in a posterior (backward) direction
Special movements (4)
Inversion - rotating the plantar surface towards midline
Eversion - rotating the plantar surface away from midline
Special movements (5)
Dorsiflexion - pointing toes up towards the head
Plantarflexion - pointing the toes towards the ground
Special movements (6)
Supination - anatomical position with the thumb out
Pornation - turning the palmer surface to the middle until it faces behind
What is sarcolemma
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber
Caveolae
Pockets in the smooth muscle sarcolemma that stores calcium extracellular
Myosin light chain kinase
The enzyme that aviates by calmodulin. Takes phosphate from ATP and attaches to myosin
