Bone tissue/other info Flashcards

Question

Osteocytes

Answer 1

Mature bone cells - Secrete chemicals that maintain the bone extracellular matrix - Most abundant cells in the bone - Spider-shaped - Reside in lacunae

Answer 2

Bone cells that produce new bone through ossification (osteogenesis) Become osteocytes when surrounded/trapped by bone matrix

Answer 3

Large cells on internal and external bone surface Secretes acid and enzymes to break down and dissolve the bone matrix - Found in shallow depressions on bones

Answer 4

AKA woven bone Forms first in the womb and during repair after fractures Composed of irregularly arranged collagen fibers, maybe osteocytes, not much inorganic matrix making the bones less rigid Primary bone gets broken down by osteoclasts over time and replaced by secondary bone

Answer 5

AKA Lamellar bone This is your permanent bone Contains Lamellae and regularly arranged parallel collagen fibers, making this bone much stronger than primary bone 2 types of secondary bone: - Compact - Spongy

Answer 6

Long bone - bone is longer than it is wide (Humerus)

Answer 7

Short bone - bone is about as long as it is wide (Trapezium / carpal bone)

Answer 8

Irregular bone - bone's shape does not fit into other classes

Answer 9

Flat bone -- bone is broad, flat, and thin

Answer 10

Sesamoid bone -- round, flat bone found within tendons

Answer 11

Found on the outside of bones - Protects the bone - Blood vessels and nerves found in it before going into the bone - Provides attachment sites for tendons and ligaments

Answer 12

Of the same or a similar kind or nature "Compact bone appears homogenous"

Answer 13

The central shaft (region) of long bones - Surrounds the medullary (marrow) cavity - Medularry cavity normally filled with yellow bone marrow

Answer 14

The expanded portions at end of long bones - Articulate (to make a connection) with a bone at a joint - articular cartilage on the outside of the ends of the bone

Answer 15

Hyaline cartilage that helps reduce friction at joints

Answer 16

Membrane that lines the inner surface of the bone and the outer portion of the medullary cavity - bone cells help maintain proper bone structure in growth and remodeling

Answer 17

The cranium and clavicles form this way "Membrane bones" - having developed in a fibrous membrane made up of mesenchyme

Answer 18

Connective tissue stem cells group together at the primary ossification center and change into osteogenic cells which start to form osteoblasts

Answer 19

Osteoblasts make the bone matrix and become osteocytes once trapped

Answer 20

Primary spongy bone forms Periosteum forms

Answer 21

Eary compact bone forms

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage if replaced by bone offering in primary ossification centers These are cartilage bones which is how most bones are formed

Answer 23

Blood vessels grow and surround the hyaline cartilage Chondroblasts from the Perichondrium starts to change and form osteogenic cells which then creates the bone matrix Perichondrium turns to the periosteum

Answer 24

Osteoblasts begin to make bone matrix and surround the cartilage bone forming a ring Chondrocytes start to calcify as more bone matrix forms due blood supply being cut off

Answer 25

Osteoclasts dig holes so that blood vessels can get through the bone collar The blood brings nutrients and osteoblasts so that more bone can form inside the collar Medullary cavity starts to form

Answer 26

Osteoclasts break down most of the newly formed spongy bone to enlarge the medullary cavity Most of the ossification is complete besides growth plates (epiphyseal plate)

Answer 27

Hyaline cartilage between the epiphyses and diaphysis allows for growth long ways by chondrocytes dividing

Answer 28

Inner layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Answer 29

Aka Reserve cartilage Part of the growth plate Chondrocytes not diviting

Answer 30

Chondrocytes dividing and new cells pushed towards diaphysis Due to resistance of the solid diaphysis the epiphysis is pushed in the other direction

Answer 31

The older chondrocytes enlarge

Answer 32

The chondrocytes die which causes them to calcify Blood vessels invade the cavities

Answer 33

The calcified cartilage is replaced by bone tissue

Answer 34

Growth in diameter of bones Occurs as bones grow in length

Answer 35

Stimulates osteoclast activity

Answer 36

Is needed in order to make collagen

Answer 37

Assists with increasing absorption of calcium in digestive tract to raise the calcium levels in the body

Answer 38

Increases bone desposition by stimulating activity of osteoblasts

Answer 39

AKA - HGH Produced by pituitary gland; increases general tissue growth which bone is very sensitive to

Answer 40

AKA - Thyroxine Determines metabolic rate (of all reactions in the body)

Answer 41

AKA - Estrogen, Testosterone Increases longitudinal growth and plate closure Testosterone increases appositional growth