Integumentary Flashcards by ArcherGirlDaisy Unknown

What skin layer

Epidermis

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What skin layer

Dermis

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What layer

Hypodermis

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What specific skin layer

Stratum corneum

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What specific skin layer

Stratum lucidum

ONLY found in thick skin

Layer is translucent (Lucidum means “light”)

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What specific skin layer

Stratum granulosum

Cells have stopped dividing and flatten out

Nuclei and other organelles degenerate

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What specific skin layer

Stratum spinosum

Held together by desmosomes

Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) found in this layer

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What specific skin layer

Stratum basale

Attached to underlying basement membrane
Basal cells = Stem cells continually divide to replace keratinocytes lost a surface

Merkel cells

Melanocytes

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What specific structure

Tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscle
aka Merkel cells
Respond to light touch

More numerous in fingertips, lips, face, and external genitalia

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What specific structure

Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle
(can use either word)

Senses pressure and vibration

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What specific structure

Bare nerve endings (sensory)

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What specific structure

Nerve endings (motor)

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What specific structure

Arrector pili muscle

When muscle contracts, it causes goose bumps known as Piloerection

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What specific structures

Capillaries

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What specific structure

Merocrine (eccrine) sweat gland

Found all over the skin

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What specific structure

Apocrine sweat gland

Only found in certain locations including axillae, anal area, and the areolae (darkened area around the nipples)

Releases the secretion onto hair follicles

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What specific structure

Sebaceous gland (oil gland)

Apocrine sweat gland
Empties secretion into hair follicle (can empty out of small pore instead)

Not found on palms or soles of feet

Uses holocrine secretion

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What specific structure

Hair follicle

The hair root is embedded in the hair follicle

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What specific structure

Hair shaft (of hair) [above/outside the skin]

Made up of dead keratinized cells

[Hair root is the hair shaft still in/below the skin]

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What specific structure

Hair bulb (of hair follicle)

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What specific layer

Connective tissue sheath (of follicle) (AKA dermal root sheath)

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What specific layer

Glassy membrane (of follicle); basement membrane; separates external root sheath from dermal root sheath

What specific layer

External root sheath (of follicle) (outer layer of epithelial root sheath)

What specific layer

Internal root sheath (of follicle) (inner layer of epithelial root sheath)

What specific layer

Cuticle (of hair) Outer most layer of hair shaft

What specific layer

Cortex (of hair) Under the cuticle layer cells of hair shaft

What specific layer

Medulla (of hair) Center most layer of cells of hair shaft

What specific structure

Hair papilla (provides nutrients to dividing hair matrix cells)

What specific structure

Hair root nerve plexus (senses movement of hair)

What specific skin layer

Stratum corneum

What specific skin layer

Stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin)

What specific skin layer

Stratum granulosum

What specific skin layer

Stratum spinosum

What specific skin layer

Stratum basale

What cell type

Melanocyte

What cell type

Merkel cell

What skin layer

Epidermis

What skin layer

Dermis

What specific skin layer

Papillary layer (of dermis)

What specific skin layer

Reticular layer (of dermis)

Integumentary system

Composed of skin, hair, nails, various glands

Epidermis made up of what cells

Stratified squamous epithelium

Dermis made up of what cells

Connective tissue (adipose, areolar, dense irregular)

Stratum basale has what specific cells

AKA Stratum germinativum Deepest layer of epidermis Important cells: - Basal cells -- stem cells - Merkel cells -- sensitive to touch - Melanocytes -- synthesize melanin

Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) has what specific cells

Several layers of keratinocytes (prickle cells) - Connected by many desmosomes attached to protein fibers of cytoskeleton (look spiky) Cells filled with pre-keratin filaments and melanin granules Also contains dendritic cells (Langerhans cells)

Stratum granulosum

4-6 layers thick of keratinocytes Cells have stopped dividing Cells flatten out Nuclei and other organelles degenerate Accumulate granules - 1 type of granules helps form keratin (from pre-keratin) in superficial layers - First step in keratinization Cells connected by desmosomes and tight junctions

Stratum lucidum

Flat dead cells filled with keratin Found ONLY in thick skin Layer is translucent - lucidum means "light"

Stratum corneum

15-30 cell layers thick (thicker in thick skin) Cells flattened and dead (filled with keratin) - Called keratinized cells (cornified or horny cells) Cells tightly connected by desmosomes - Often shed in groups or sheets

What section name (hair)

Cuticle Outer most layer of hair. Made from hard a single layer of keratinoxytes arranged like shingles

What section name (hair)

Cortex Made up of hard keratin.

What section name (hair)

Medulla Present only in thick hairs like the ones on your head Made up of soft keratin, same type of keratin found in epidermis

Vellus hair

Thin, nonpigmented hair found over most of the body

Terminal hair

Thicker, coarser and pigmented hair Found on the skalp and around the eyes After puberty much of the cell us hair is replaced with terminal hair (90% in males, 35% in females)