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Chings Notes > JM Chapter 9 > Flashcards

JM Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

DxT angina + dyspnoea + blackouts

A

aortic stenosis

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2
Q

DXT menstrual dysfunction + obesity + hirsutism ->

A

polycystic ovarian
syndrome

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2
Q

DxT malaise + night sweats + pruritus -

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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2
Q

DxT abdominal pain + diarrhoea + fever -

A

Crohn disease

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2
Q

DxT vertigo + vomiting + tinnitus ,

A

Ménière syndrome

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2
Q

DxT dizziness + hearing loss + tinnitus , ,

A

acoustic neuroma

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2
Q

DxT fatigue + muscle weakness + cramps -,

A

hypokalaemia

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2
Q

Complications of infarction (DIC)
including gangrene from meningococcaemia

A

Meningococcal infection:

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3
Q

DxT fever + rigors + hypotension

A

septicaemia

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3
Q

DXT fever + vomiting + headache

A

meningitis

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3
Q

DxT fatigue + dizziness syncope ,

A

cardiac arrhythmia

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3
Q

DxT fever + drooling + stridor (child)

A

epiglottitis

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3
Q

DxT headache + vomiting + altered consciousness

A

subarachnoid
haemorrhage (SAH)

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4
Q

DxT abdominal pain + amenorrhoea + abnormal vaginal bleeding

A

ectopic pregnancy

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5
Q

DxT fatigue + dyspnoea on exertion + dizziness

A

cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

DxT fatigue + weight loss + diarrhoea -,

A

coeliac disease

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7
Q

DxT anorexia/nausea + faecal leaking + abdominal bloating

A

faecal impaction

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8
Q

DxT abdominal cramps + flatulence + profuse diarrhoea

A

giardiasis

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9
Q

DXT lethargy + tiredness arthralgia

A

haemochromatosis

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10
Q

DxT lethargy + abdominal pains + irritability (in child) -,

A

lead
poisoning

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11
Q

DxT aching bones + waddling gait + deafness -

A

Paget disease

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12
Q

DxT malaise + cough + fever (+ erythema nodosum)

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

DxT (male child) snorting, blinking + oral noises (e.g. grunts) t loud
expletives ,

A

Tourette syndromeI

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14
Q

DxT malaise + fever + cough (# erythema nodosa)

A

TB or
sarcoidosis

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15
Q

DxT fever + sore throat + cervical lymphadenopathy

A

EB
mononucleosis

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16
Q

DxT fatigue + a/n/v + sallow skin - chronic

A

kidney failure

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17
Q

DxT polyuria + polydipsia + skin/orifice infections ,

A

diabetes mellitus

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18
Q

DXT FUO + cardiac murmur + embolic phenomena -

A

infective
endocarditis

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19
Q

DxT fatigue + polyarthritis + fever or skin lesions

A

SLE

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20
Q

DxT loin pain + haematuria + palpable loin mass -

A

kidney carcinoma

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21
Q

DxT malaise + weight loss + cough -

A

lung carcinoma

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22
Q

DxT fever + myalgia/headache + non-productive cough -

A

atypical
pneumonia

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23
Q

DxT malaise + night sweats + painless lymphadenopathy

A

non-
Hodgkin lymphoma

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24
Q

DXT arthralgia + Raynaud phenomenon + GORD (+ skin changes)

A

systemic sclerosis

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25
Q

DxT fatigue + headache + jaw claudication

A

temporal arteritis

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26
Q

DxT weakness + back pain + weight loss

A

multiple myeloma

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27
Q

DxT lethargy + physical/mental slowing + constipation

A

hypothyroidism

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28
Q

dysarthria + intention tremor + nystagmus

A

cerebellar disease
(typical of MS)

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29
Q

visual disturbance (blurred or transient loss)+
weakness in limbs t paraesthesia in limbs

A

multiple sclerosis

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30
Q

rigidity + bradykinesia + resting tremor

A

Parkinson disease

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31
Q

tremor (postural or action) + head tremor + absence of
Parkinsonian features

A

essential tremor

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32
Q

fatiguable and weakness of eyelids and eye
movements + limbs + bulbar muscles (speech and
swallowing)

A

myasthenia gravis

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33
Q

ascending weakness of limbs + of face + areflexia*

A

Guillain-Barré
syndrome (GBS)

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34
Q

(episodic) vertigo + tinnitus + hearing loss*

A

Ménière syndrome

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35
Q

dementia + myoclonus + ataxia

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease

36
Q

drowsiness + vomiting + headache (waking)

A

intracerebral
pressure

37
Q

enophthalmos + meiosis + ptosis + anhydrosis

A

Horner syndrome

38
Q

blank spell + lip-smacking (or similar automation) +
olfactory/gustatory hallucination

A

complex partial
seizure

39
Q

gradual spread (Jacksonian march) of focal jerking
(mouth, arm or leg) or sensory disturbance or (rarely)
visual field disturbance

A

simple partial
seizure

40
Q

t intracranial pressure +/or focal signs +/or epilepsy

A

cerebral tumour

41
Q

dysphagia + dysphonia/dysarthria + spastic tongue

A

pseudobulbar
palsy

42
Q

recurrent: headache (often unilateral) + nausea (+
vomiting) + visual aura*

A

migraine with aura
(formerly ‘classical

43
Q

recurrent: severe retro-orbital headache + rhinorrhoea
+ lacrimation*

A

migraine”)
cluster headache

44
Q

instantaneous; headache # vomiting + neck stiffness

A

subarachnoid
haemorrhage until
disproven

45
Q

headache + visual obscurations + papilloedema (often
in obese young female)

A

benign intracranial
hypertension

46
Q

acute and transient; amaurosis fugax or dysphasia or
hemiplegia*

A

TIA (carotid)

47
Q

typical facies (temporalis atropy and frontal balding) +
muscle weakness esp. hands (+ myotonia) + cataracts

A

dystrophia
myotonica (myotonic
dystrophy)

48
Q

ataxias + Ophthalmoplegia + areflexia*

A

Miller-Fisher
variant of GBS

49
Q

vertigo + provoked by movement (especially rolling in
bed) + Hallpike test +ve

50
Q

UMN signs + LMN signs + fasciculations

A

motor neurone
disease

51
Q

leg weakness + ataxic gait + clumsiness (appears
about 12 years)

A

Friedreich ataxia

52
Q

.limb weakness + flaccid paralysis (day after exercise in
a young person)

A

familial periodic
paralysis

53
Q

DXT chorea + abnormal behaviour + dementia + family history

A

Huntington disease

54
Q

DxT pallor + jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly -

A

thalassaemia major

55
Q

Tx of thalassaemia major

A

Folate supplementation and a low-iron diet are advisable.

56
Q

Splenomegaly is a feature

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

57
Q

treatment of choice in severe cases.
Hereditary spherocytosis

A

splenectomy

58
Q

.:episodic haemolytic anaemia because of the
decreased ability of red blood cells to cope with oxidative stresses. It is an X-linked recessive
inherited disorder with a high prevalence among people of African, Mediterranean or Asian
ancestry. In some countries such as Malaysia there is a national screening program

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

59
Q

inborn error of metabolism in which the body is unable to metabolise
galactose to glucose.

A

Galactosaemia

60
Q

DXT typical facies + hypotonia + single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

61
Q

CHARGE syndrome

A

Coloboma, heart abnormalities, choanal atresia, development retardation, GU anomalies, ear
abnormalities

gene mutation on chromosome 8

62
Q

Trisomy 18

A

Edward syndrome”

63
Q

Trisomy 13

microcephaly
brain and heart malformation
cleft lip/palate
polydactyly

A

Patau syndrome’

64
Q

large prominent ears, long narrow face,
macro-orchidism and intellectual disability.

A

Fragile X syndrome (FXS)”7

65
Q

DXT characteristic facies + intellectual disability + large testes

66
Q

DXT lanky men + small testes + infertility

A

Klinefelter syndrome

67
Q

DxT short stature + webbed neck + facies ,

A

Turner syndrome

68
Q

45 chromosomes of XO karyotype

69
Q

DxT arthritis + pigmentation of ear cartilage + grey-black urine with
alkalisation -

A

alkaptonuria

70
Q

Red urine on exposure

71
Q

Blue nappies/diapers

A

tryptophan malabsorption syndrome

72
Q

Maple syrup odour (urine and perspiration)

A

maple syrup urine disease (AR)

73
Q

DxT odour + hypertonicity + seizures (infancy)

A

maple syrup urine disease

74
Q

Mousy body odour

A

phenylketonuria

75
Q

Fish-like’ mouth with micrognathia

A

Turner syndrome

76
Q

Chipmunk’ facies

A

thalassaemia maior

77
Q

‘Doll-like’ facies

A

glycogen storage disease (G-6-P deficiency)

78
Q

Elfin face

A

Williams syndrome

79
Q

Butterfly-like facial rash in children

A

tuberous sclerosis

80
Q

Weak suction + delayed sitting and crawling + hypotonia

A

Prader-Willi syndrome

81
Q

Happy puppet’ features

A

Angelman syndrome

82
Q

Characteristic eyes; wide-spaced, down-slanting openings, ptosis

A

Noonan syndrome

83
Q

Long fingers and limbs

A

Marfan syndrome

84
Q

High-pitched meowing cry, low-set ears, mental retardation

A

‘cat-cry` syndrome (maladie du
crì du chat)

85
Q

Blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

86
Q

Colicky midline umbilical abdominal pain (severe) - vomiting - distension =

A

small bowel obstruction (SBO).

87
Q

Midline lower abdominal pain - distension - vomiting

A

large bowel obstruction
(LBO).

88
Q

DxT pale child + severe ‘colic’ + vomiting

A

acute intussusception

89
Q

DXT intense abdominal pain + pale and shocked + back pain

A

ruptured AAA

90
Q

DxT anxiety and prostration + intense central pain + profuse vomiting +
bloody diarrhoea -

A

mesenteric arterial occlusion

91
Q

DxT localised RIF pain + a/n/v + guarding

A

acute appendicitis

92
Q

DxT colicky central pain + vomiting + distension

93
Q

DxT colicky pain + distension 4 vomiting

94
Q

DxT sudden severe pain + anxious, still, ‘grey’, sweaty + deceptive
improvement -

A

perforated peptic ulcer

95
Q

DxT intense pain (loin) - groin + microscopic haematuria

A

ureteric
colic

96
Q

DxT severe pain + vomiting + pain radiation -

A

biliary colic

97
Q

DxT severe pain + nausea and vomiting + relative lack of abdominal
signs -

A

acute pancreatitis

98
Q

DXT acute pain + left-sided radiation + fever

A

acute diverticulitis

99
Q

DXT urethritis + conjunctivitis + iritis + arthritis

A

reactive arthritis

Chings Notes (39 decks)

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