January 13, 2016 - Vascular Disease Prevention

Question 1

When Does Cardiovascular Disease Start?

Answer 1

Often in utero. If the mother has a cholesterol level of _>_5 (which is 75% of women), artherosclerosis will begin in utero.

If not, artherosclerosis will begin in childhood.

Question 2

Mortality Rate for CVD

Answer 2

Has been going down over the last 50 years.

In 1950 if you had a heart attack your 30-day mortality was 30% and your 1-year mortality was a further 30%.

Now, it is like 3% and 3%, respectively.

Question 3

Incidence and Prevalence of CVD

Answer 3

Incidence is going down, but prevalence is going up.

Question 4

Vascular Disease Prevention - Categories

Answer 4

Primordial - before you get risk factors

Primary - after you have risk factors, but not an event

Secondary - after a vascular disease event

Question 5

Oxidative Stress and CVD

Answer 5

The more susceptible you are to oxidative stress, the more likely you will acquire cardiovascular disease.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause inflammation. If you run out of the ability to buffer the ROS in your body, you will get inflammation and vascular damage.

Question 6

CVD Risk Factors

Answer 6

Diabetes

Dyslipidemia

Hypertension

Smoking

These 4 are responsible for 75-80% of CVD.

Question 7

Relationship Between Risk Factors and CVD

Answer 7

It is a direct relationship.

Question 8

Ideal Systolic Blood Pressure

Answer 8

Less than 120 mmHg is optimal.

121-129 is normal.

130-139 is high-normal.

Question 9

Emerging Risk Factors for CVD

Answer 9

Sedentary behaviour

Obesity

Trans-fats

Question 10

Susceptibility to CVD

Answer 10

Age

Gender (estrogen is protective)

Genetics

Question 11

Exercise and CVD

Answer 11

Greatly reduces the risk of CVD.