JAALAS 2012 No.1 Flashcards
The guinea pig is a more appropriate model for human parturition.
True - In contrast to mice, maternal levels of progesterone do not fall at term in humans or guinea pigs.
Generally speaking estrogen is responsible for pregnancy and myometrial quiescence.
False - Progesterone is associated with the above findings. Estrogen is thought to precipitate labor through inciting prostaglandin and oxytocin synthesis.
Oxytocin should be administered IP.
False - It is best administered SQ, buccal and nasal. IP is contraindicated because it is difficult in gravid mice. In addition oral administration is ineffective because the stomach rapidly destroys the hormone.
Oxytocin should not be used to treat dystocia where an obstruction exists.
True - If this is done it can lead to titanic uterine contractions, placental separation, uterine rupture and hemorrhage.
- Which of the following methods can be used as stress indicators in mice?
a. Level of corticosteroids in urine
b. Stereotypic behavior
c. Immature (CD4+, CD8+) counts in thymus
d. All of the above
D
- What is duration of aimless, repetitive behaviors before it can be considered as stereotypic behavior?
a. 10 minutes
b. 60 minutes
c. 10 seconds
d. 30 seconds
C
- T/F. This study showed that use of nesting materials did not have any deleterious effect on mouse physiological or immunological parameters.
False
Chlordiazepoxide is what class of drug?
a. Opioid
b. Benzodiazepine
c. Antihistamine
d. Barbiturate
b. Benzodiazepine; it is the anxiolytic drug given to the rats in the conditioned place preference test in this study
How did the authors intend the use of environmental enrichment (chew toy) by the rats to support their hypothesis?
Use of environmental enrichment is decreased in chronically stressed rats. If no decrease in use was seen between groups, than that would be indirect support that the procedure did not cause chronic stress.
Fecal corticosterone levels reflect hormonal states occurring in what time frame?
a. 1-2 hours previously
b. 3-5 hours previously
c. 6-8 hours previously
d. 12-14 hours previously
c. 6-8 hours previously
- True or false. The study demonstrated highest agreement between raters for juveniles.
False
- Which of these is not a key anatomical site used in BCS palpation?
a. Hips
b. Spine
c. Pelvis
d. Head
e. Thorax
f. Abdomen
D
T/F – Syphacia obvelata does not generally cause eosinophilia in mice, but Rodentolepis nana does.
True
Based on the results of this study, which group of animals may harbor transmissible diseases that are more similar to colony mice in a lab animal facility?
a. Urban feral mice
b. Pet store mice
Pet store mice
Which of these agents is a zoonotic concern? (Choose all that apply)
a. R. nana
b. E. faecium
c. Myocoptes musculinis
d. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
A, B, and D
- Pain-relevant behaviors are twitching, back arching, stagger or fall, and writhing
True
- Pain-relevant behaviors can be observed for 24 hours after surgery.
- False. Pain-relevant behaviors can be observed for 2 to 6 hours after surgery.
- Buprenorphine abolished completely facial grimacing at doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg.
True
- The current findings reveal no evidence of analgesia from acetaminophen at doses ranging from 100 to 450 mg/kg.
True
True or False: Humans and mice have the same CO2 receptors in the nasal mucosa.
True
Which of the following is the most humane method of euthanasia based on the findings in this article?
a. Acepromazine 5mg/kg followed by CO2
b. Midazolam 5mg/kg followed by CO2
c. 5% Isoflurane followed by CO2
d. CO2 alone.
D
True or False: 20% V/min CO2 alone is not considered a humane method of euthanasia in laboratory mice.
False (This is only true according to the CCAC and Morris Foundation)
True or False. An initial intraperitoneal dose of sodium pentobarbital provides approximately 60 to 120 min of anesthesia.
True
ABS means:
a. Hypnosis-based sedation
b. Anesthesia based-sedation
c. Analgesia based-sedation
d. Constant rate infusion anesthesia
e. All of them are true
B
True or False. Opioids are administered parenterally, intravenously, orally, and even intrathecally in laboratory animals.
True
In ABS, analgesics are used to:
a. To maximize comfort
b. To minimize distress
c. To provide deep sedation simultaneously
d. All of them are right
D
Which factors should be considered when administering sedatives to laboratory animals?
a. Experimental time course
b. Drug delivery system chosen for the type of experimental procedure
c. Animal size
d. All of them are factors
D
- Pigs can be maintained in an ICU for as long as ______ days?
a. 5 days
b. 3 days
c. 7 days
d. 10 days
C
- True or False: The Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) was found to be an excellent model for evaluating sedation in mechanically ventilated swine ICU models?
False
Which of the following signs is NOT associated with abdominal pain in mice?
a. Writhe
b. Abdominal press
c. Increased grooming
d. Twitch
Increased grooming
Increased levels of corticosterones in serum, feces and urine can be the direct result of activation of what physiological system?
a. HPA axis
b. Spinal cord receptors
c. Aldosterone/vasopressin system
d. Loop of Henle
HPA axis
What is the usual unit measure for fecal corticosterone metabolites in rodents?
a. Milligrams (total or per gram of feces)
b. Nanograms (total or per gram of feces)
c. Picograms (total or per gram of feces)
d. Grams (total or per kg of feces)
B
Risks of expressing urinary bladder manually?
Manual expression of the bladder may cause vesicoureteral reflux by allowing retrograde flow of urine to the ureters and renal pelvis, possibly resulting in damage of renal medulla.
Possible impact of SCI cranial to lumbosacral level on micturition?
SCI in this region may cause a loss of voluntary micturition that may be attributable to detrusor–external sphincter dyssynergia.
Alternative methods for suprapubic bladder catheterization?
Transurethral bladder catheterization may be an alternative in the female rat (challenging in males due to flexure of urethra over pubic bone)
- Which of the following methods is not an acceptable alternative to sodium pentobarbital for euthanasia of lizards?
a. MS222
b. Xylazine
c. Both
B
- Why Xylazine is not an acceptable alternative to sodium pentobarbital for euthanasia of lizards?
a. Because Xylazine causes slow cessation of heartbeats
b. Because the lizards showed prolonged persistence of purposeful movements
c. Because Xylazine causes tissue irritation when administered extravascularly
B
- In rhesus macaques, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry may be used to accurately determine body fat at what body condition score ranges (on a scale from 1.0-5.0 with 0.5 increments)?
a. Between 1.0 and 3.0
b. Between 1.0 and 5.0
c. Greater than 1.5 only
d. Less than 4.5 only
C
A widely used body condition scoring system for rhesus macaques was found to be valid for which of the following?
a. Adult females only
b. Adult males only
c. Both male and female juveniles
d. Both male and female adults
D
Which coagulation monitoring method measures both secondary hemostasis and the platelet aggregation component of primary hemostasis?
a. PT assay
b. aPTT assay
c. Fibrinogen level assay
d. d-dimer concentration assay
e. Thromboelastography
E
Which coagulation monitoring method is performed using whole blood?
a. PT assay
b. aPTT assay
c. Fibrinogen level assay
d. d-dimer concentration assay
e. Thromboelastography
E
In this study, for which thromboelastography parameter was sex a significant factor?
a. Reaction time (R)
b. K time (K)
c. Lysis 30 (LY30)
d. Clot strength (G)
e. Coagulation index (CI)
C
For this study, which of the following statements is true?
a. LY30 values increased with age in both male macaques and female macaques
b. LY30 values decreased with age in male macaques and female macaques
c. LY30 values increased with age in male macaques but decreased with age in female macaques
d. LY30 values decreased with age in male macaques but increased with age in female macaques
C
