JAALAS 2012 No. 5

Question 1

Handling of rats improves has been found to diminish anxiety when implemented: a. During Neonatal Periods b. During Adolescence c. During Adulthood d. All of the above

Answer 1

d. All of the above

Question 2

Elevated Plus Maze can be used in rats for the study alternations of: a. Anxiety b. Food motivation c. Learning d. Memory e. All of the above f. A, C and D

Answer 2

f. A, C and D

Question 3

Anxiolytic effect in adolescent rats can be produced with: a. 5-minutes of handling per day, 5 days per week b. 20-minutes of handling per day, 5 days per week c. One hour of handling per day, 5 days per week d. 20 minutes of handling per day, once per week

Answer 3

a. 5-minutes of handling per day, 5 days per week

Question 4

Name the protein product of the mouse Mup17 gene that accounts for much of the allergenic properties of mouse urine.

Answer 4

Mus m 1, Ag1, or MA1 – all names for the same gene product

Question 5

Exposure and sensitization to rodent Mup proteins is a leading cause of what occupational disease of laboratory animal care workers and scientists?

Answer 5

Laboratory Animal Allergy (LAA)

Question 6

Workers involved in which of the following activities experience the greatest exposure to rodent allergens? Select all that apply. a. Daily health checks without opening cages b. Dry cage cleaning c. Washing cages d. Transferring animals between cages during cage change outs

Answer 6

b & d – tasks associated with the highest rate of exposure were cleaning cages and handling of animals; washing cages, which is presumably a wet process that entails dust suppression, was associated with much lower exposures than cleaning

Question 7

In the United States, what regulation requires that places of employment be free from recognizable hazards?

Answer 7

Occupational Health and Safety Act

Question 8

The IGRA: a. Detects antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. Tests for response of leukocytes to M. tuberculosis c. Requires two visits to OHS d. Can be performed on serum

Answer 8

b. Tests for response of leukocytes to M. tuberculosis

Question 9

There are major deficiencies in OHS programs in laboratory animal facilities in the USA. T/F

Answer 9

False

Question 10

According to this survey, the most commonly administered vaccine as part of an OHS program is: a. Rabies b. Influenza c. Tetanus d. Hepatitis B e. Measles

Answer 10

c. Tetanus

Question 11

How many days does it take Myobia musculi to complete a life cycle of fur-bound egg to motile nymph to reproductively mature adult in mice? a. 8 b. 16 c. 23 d. 32

Answer 11

c. 23

Question 12

Identify the mites shown in the picture. How long is its life cycle?

Answer 12

Myocoptes musculinus – 8-14 days

Question 13

Lidocaine acts on sodium channels to what effect in STZ-treated rats?

a. Specific blockade of sodium channels in renal excretion
b. Non-specific blockade of sodium channels in pain pathways
c. Reversal of effects of STZ on pancreatic islet beta cells
d. Non-specific blockade of renal excretion of sodium ion

Answer 13

b. Non-specific blockade of sodium channels in pain pathways

Question 14

A recent study demonstrates the effect of A803467 on specific sodium channel blockage for allodynia and hyperalgesia in what common model of induced disease?

a. Nerve sheath tumors
b. Spinal cord injury
c. Type I diabetes
d. Envenomation

Answer 14

c. Type I diabetes

Question 15

List predisposing factors for the development of murine ulcerative dermatitis.

Answer 15

MUD is associated with environmental factors, diet, season, age at weaning, alopecia, sex, immune complex vasculitis, follicular dysplasia, lesion location, and deficiencies in vitamin A metabolism

Question 16

T/F. Alopecia has predictive values for monitoring the progression of UD

Answer 16

False

Question 17

T/F. Pruritis commonly precedes the onset of dermatitis.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What region of the mouse is most commonly affected in MUD?

Answer 18

Dorsal cervical area & dorsal trunk & ears

Question 19

T/F. The substrain of the C57BL/6 may affect the clinical presentation of UD

Answer 19

True

Question 20

T/F: Addition of a single shelter or igloo-running wheel may actually increase aggressive behavior in mice.

Answer 20

True – A single shelter or igloo-running wheel has been reported to increase aggressive behavior in mice, whereas multiple structures can act as visual barriers for subordinate escape and prevent dominant mice from controlling a single shared resource.

Question 21

Which factor is not considered a major contribution to aggressive behavior in male mice?

a. Interaction with unfamiliar male mice
b. Lack of appropriate enrichment
c. Nesting material
d. Stocking density
e. Influence of sex hormones

Answer 21

c. – Nesting material is not a known contributing factor to aggressive behavior in male mice

Question 22

Name some negative effects that may be observed in mice with intraperitoneal telemetry devices.

Answer 22

Reduced body weights, decreased activity, transient suppression of grooming behaviors, decreased food and water intake post-operatively

Question 23

T/F: Mice with intraperitoneal telemetry devices commonly show histopathologic evidence of peritonitis, such as reactive mesothelium and fibrosis and inflammation of the diaphragm

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What is the mechanism of action of Ibuprofen.

Answer 24

Nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenases 1 and 2, reduces the release of prostaglandins in the cyclooxygenase pathway, thereby decreasing the release of inflammatory factors.

Question 25

True/False: To achieve the beneficial effects of ibuprofen and other NSAIDs without gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding, selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed to inhibit the COX-2 isoform without inhibition of COX-1

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Besides genetic predisposition, which other factors are associated with the development of ulcerative dermatitis?

Answer 26

Age, diet, immune complex vasculitis, barbering, environmental changes including relative humidity, temperature and season, diets with 11% fat, elevated vitamin A levels, and ectoparasites.

Question 27

List some concerns regarding delivering analgesics and anti-inflammatory components via pediatric solutions to rodents using water bottles.

Answer 27

Sugar-based flavored components may require frequent shaking to keep the medication in suspension & more frequent water-bottle changes are necessary since bacteria may grow more rapidly.

Question 28

Which other, non-drug related, treatments may be used for additional prevention of severe MUD?

Answer 28

Trimming front and back nails of mice on a regular basis or in mice diagnosed with MUD

Question 29

List bacteria commonly associated with MUD

Answer 29

Staph aureus & staph xylosus; staph epidermidis is not considered pathogenic in mice

Question 30

List properties of staph that adds to their virulence.

Answer 30

Production of an array of biologically active proteins, including hemolysins, nucleases, proteases, lipases, hyaluronidase, and collagenase; they also produce exotoxins including exfoliative toxins, leukocidin, and several superantigens such as enterotoxin A, enterotoxin B, enterotoxin C, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. (from P&B)

Question 31

Tor F: It takes at least 24 hours before significant morphologic changes are seen in the RBCs of stored rat blood.

Answer 31

F. Morphologic changes will occur within as little as a few hours.

Question 32

What is the mechanism of action of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) in inducing anesthesia/euthanasia in aquatic animals?

Answer 32

MS 222 is a sodium channel blocker. Blocking sodium channels blocks depolarization and signal propagation in excitable tissues.

Question 33

What are methods are considered acceptable for inducing euthanasia in amphibians, such as the African clawed frog?

Answer 33

Some acceptable euthanasia methods as identified by the 2008 AVMA panel on euthanasia include:

a. Barbiturates (sodium pentobarbital)
b. Inhalant anesthetics
c. CO2
d. Benzocaine hydrochloride
e. MS222
f. Double pithing