JAALAS 2010 No. 4 KD

Question 1

Evans et al.Gray Short-Tailed OpossumWhat is the genus of the gray short-tailed opossum?

a. Didelphis
b. Thylamys
c. Marmosa
d. Monodelphis

Answer 1

D. Monodelphis

Question 2

The gray short-tailed opossum is a model for what type of hypercholesterolemia?

a. Diet-induced
b. Familial

Answer 2

a. Diet induced

Question 3

3. Which of the following enzymes is frequently found elevated in young growing mammals?
   a. Alanine aminotransferase
   b. Aspartate aminotransferase
   c. Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 3

c. Alkaline phosphatase

Question 4

4. In some animals, as in this study, it has been found that hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen in which sex?
   a. Males
   b. Females

Answer 4

b. Female

Question 5

5. In this study, the overall body weight and the percentage body weights of the liver was greater in males. T or F

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Bauer et alOverweight Body Condition in Laboratory-Housed Cynomolgus Macaques .Most North American facilities housing cynomolgus macaques recognize the importance of tracking body condition T/F

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Obesity is not a leading health problem in most facilities housing cynomolgus macaques, with 8/11 facilities reporting <3% of their population overweight.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

A common method to decrease excess weight in cynomolgus macaques is calorie restriction, which also has been shown to have beneficial health effects

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Body weight tracking and BCS are used to monitor weight status of macaques.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Facilities housing middle-aged macaques (older than 10 years) or long-term maintenance colonies had an increase in overweight animal prevalence.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Takeo et al.Mouse Embryos Produced by Cryopreserved Sperm.1. T / F. The cold storage technique yielded a developmental rate that was greater than 50%.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

2. T / F. Fertilization rates of frozen/thawed sperm are generally greater than that of fresh sperm.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Sztein et al. Refinements in the Cryopreservation of Mouse Ovaries.What were the major advantages of the controlled–rate cooling method of cryopreservation of mouse ovaries?

a. Longer preservation times
b. Using the same cooling program for ovarian tissue as that for embryos, and by freezing ovarian tissue in straws rather than vials, both genetic resources can be prepared at the same time.
c. Decreased number of offspring produced after the procedure.
d. Decreased implantation success rates

Answer 13

b. Using the same cooling program for ovarian tissue as that for embryos, and by freezing ovarian tissue in straws rather than vials, both genetic resources can be prepared at the same time

Question 14

Goulding et al. The Effects of Perioperative Analgesia on Litter Size in Crl:CD1(ICR) Mice Undergoing Embryo Transfer.1. What is the mechanism for analgesia from NSAIDs like flunixin meglumine

Answer 14

1. NSAIDs inhibit the Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme that converts arachadonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandin molecules, and helping prevent inflammation and subsequent pain. NSAIDs work primarily at the site of inflammation

Question 15

2. What is the mechanism for analgesia from opioids like buprenorphine

Answer 15

2. Buprenorphine is a partial mu receptor agonist. Activation of mu receptors in the brain reduces the perception of painful stimuli. Opioids have little if any anti-inflammatory actions.

Question 16

3. According to the Guide what is the definition of a major survival surgery?

Answer 16

3. A major survival surgery is defined as: Surgery that penetrates and exposes a body cavity or produces substantial impairment of physical or physiological function

Question 17

Konkle et al. Environmental-Enrichment-Related Variations in Rats.T or F: increased plasma corticosterone may not necessarily reflect a negative condition but may allow the organism to better adapt to new situations

Answer 17

True

Question 18

T or F: the chronic novelty and accrued sensory and cognitive experience associated with an enrichment paradigm may allow animals to be more resilient in the face of subsequent challenges

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Serologic Prevalence of MPV1.MPV1f originated from

a. Murine cytotoxic T-cell line
b. Murine B-cell line
c. Murine tumour cell line
d. Naturally infected laboratory mice
e. None of the above

Answer 19

d. Naturally infected laboratory mice

Question 20

True or False. 100 samples per room gives a 99% probability of detecting at least 1 seropositive mouse in the population if present at an expected prevalence of 5% only if all animals tested were not uniformly susceptible to the virus.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Of the following list, what is the mouse strain that poses difficulties of MPV antibody detection on ELISA tests?

a. DBA/2
b. BALB/c
c. C57BL/6
d. Hsd:NIH
e. Arc:Arc

Answer 21

b. BALB/c

Question 22

Strain- and Age-Associated Variation to MPV-1.1. T/F: A negative antibody response to MPV for seroconversion in the BALB/cArc means that the mouse is negative for exposure to MPV1f.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

2. T/F: If there is no viral DNA detected by PCR analysis then the animal was never exposed to the MPV1f.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

3.	Of the following which mouse is a better sentinel?
A.	BALB/cArc 
B.	C57BL/6J  
C.	Arc:Arc(s)
D.	BALB/cFox1nu/Arc

Answer 24

C. Arc:Arc(s)

Question 25

Burkholder et al. Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Argon Euthanasia.1. The CO2 displacement rate of 10% used in the study resulted in an increased time to euthanasia, but did not produce behavioral signs of distress in Sprague-Dawley rats, T/F?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

2. Argon at 50% displacement rate for euthanasia resulted in behavioral abnormalities including seizures and agonal gasping, T/F?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Alves et al. Anesthesia with Intraperitoneal Propofol, Medetomidine, and Fentanyl in Rats.1. How does atipamezole reverse the effect of medetomidine?

Answer 27

1. Medetomidine is an alpha 2 agonist and atipamezole is an alpha 2 antagonist

Question 28

2. Most current injectable anesthetic protocols for rats are associated with prolonged sedation with full recovery of consciousness taking perhaps several hours. T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

3. Medetomidine combinations (e.g. combined with ketamine or fentanyl) have the advantage of faster recovery due to medetomidine reversal with atipamezole. However, ketamine combinations are associated with low-quality recoveries and the combination of medetomidine with only an opiate such as fentanyl tends to require a high dose of each to achieve anesthesia leading to adverse side effects (respiratory depression and polyuria) during the anesthetic episode. T/F

Answer 29

True

Question 30

4. Although the use of inhalant anesthetics in rodents has become widespread, some procedures may not be amenable to the use of inhalant anesthetics (e.g. some orpoharyngeal procedures). T/F

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Goulet et al. Eugenol Anesthesia in African Clawed Frogs.1. Surgical procedures in xenopus frogs using eugenol should be performed within how many minutes of immersion in a 350 uL/L bath?

Answer 31

1. Surgical anesthesia lasts fifteen minutes for small frogs (~7.5 g) after 5 minutes immersion; thirty minutes for medium frogs (~29.2 g) after 10 minutes immersion and large frogs (~111.7g) after 15 minutes immersion.

Question 32

2. How long does analgesia last after bath immersion?

Answer 32

30 minutes in all frogs

Question 33

3. Was there a decrease in heart rate or oxygen saturation in frogs after being immersed?

Answer 33

There was a decrease in heart rate in small and medium frogs but not large ones; there was no affect on oxygen saturation.

Question 34

4. What effects does eugenol have on the CNS enabling its anesthetic and analgesic ability?

Answer 34

4. Eugenol blocks both sodium voltage-gated channels and the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, all of which are implicated in the transmission of painful stimuli. Eugenol also activates inhibitory channel GABA responsible for CNS depression similar in most anesthetics.

Question 35

5. Should body weight be taken into account when using eugenol as an anesthetic?

Answer 35

Body weight should be taken into account because of body surface area and drug absorption relationship.

Question 36

6. Have other routes of administration been successful in producing surgical anesthesia?

Answer 36

Other routes have not successfully induced surgical anesthesia

Question 37

Meyer et al. Comparison of Telemetry and High-Definition Oscillometry for Blood Pressure Measurements in Conscious Dogs.What is the effect of torcetrapib administration in dogs?

Answer 37

Increased blood pressure

Question 38

True or False: manual restraint of dogs for HDO blood pressure measurement can lead to fluctuations in BP and heart rate.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

In this study, which of the following factors do the authors mention that could have affected the hemodynamic data collected?

a. Comparisons between peripheral (HDO) and central (telemetric) BP measurements have been shown to be poorly correlated.
b. Comparison of simultaneous pressures obtained from different anatomic sites may have contributed to the positive bias with HDO pressure determinations
c. The exact mechanism of the long-lasting increase in BP elicited by torcetrapib has not been identified
d. A possible cumulative effect from repeated handling of the animals for HDO measurements may have affected the data.
e. All of the above

Answer 39

e. All of the above

Question 40

What location was used for HDO measurements in the dogs on this study?

Answer 40

Coccygeal artery at the tail base

Question 41

Barka et al. Surgical Approaches to Vascular Access for Large-Caliber Devices .T/F: The approach angles and the vessel tortuousity of both techniques, thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk and laparotomy approach to the abdominal aorta, should be considered selecting appropriate preclinical models.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F: The surgical approach to the brachiocephalic trunk was developed in miniature swine to mimic upper limb or neck access whereas the abdominal aortic approach was developed in sheep and conventional swine to mimic access to lower-limb vasculature in humans.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Which of the two approaches demonstrates a novel and effective technique for transluminal delivery of large-caliber devices in a preclinical model?
A. Laparotomy approach to the abdominal aorta
B. Thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk

Answer 43

B. Thoracotomy approach to the bracheocephalic trunk.

Question 44

Maguire et al. Modified Skin-Window Technique in Cynomolgus Macaques .1. What was the purpose of this study?

a. To create a new way to perform skin windows in humans
b. To determine if methotrexate increases neutrophil extravasation
c. To develop a NHP model for neutrophil extravasation investigations
d. To change the approach of studying inflammatory modulators on neutrophil extravasation

Answer 44

c. To develop a NHP model for neutrophil extravasation investigations

Question 45

T/F: The skin-window technique in Cynomolgus macaques showed that methotrexate did indeed inhibit neutrophil extravasation and IL8 levels

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F: Saline showed to have a detrimental affect on the outcome of the study.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Gozalo et al. Spontaneous Staphylococcus xylosus Infection in Mice Deficient in NADPH Oxidase .NADPH oxidase mice are used as an animal model for what disease in humans

Answer 47

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 48

Of the 37 affected mice, how many were not NADPH oxidase deficient?
A. 21
B. 9
C. 3
D. 17

Answer 48

D. 17

Question 49

Which group of mice primarily showed periocular lesions or dermatitis as the clinical signs of infection?
A. NADPH oxidase deficient mice
B. NADPH oxidase producing mice

Answer 49

B. NADPH oxidase producing

Question 50

What is the most commonly diagnosed causative agent of dermatitis in mice?

Answer 50

A. Staphylococcus aureus

Question 51

Sorrell et al. Pediculosis in Two Research Ponies .What are the 2 common species of lice in equids?

Answer 51

Equids become infested with 2 species of lice, Bovicola equi (a biting/chewing louse) and Haematopinus asini (a sucking louse).

Question 52

Describe the morphology of B. equi.

Answer 52

B. equi is described as wingless yellow-brown insect with an elongated ovoid abdomen and a rounded anterior margin of the broad head. On both sides of the head , antennae are divided into three segments. Mouthparts are not readily visible. Each of the 6 tarsi has a single claw.

Question 53

What was the insecticidal therapy used, in this case, to treat for B. equi?

Answer 53

Pyrethroid or carbamate based insecticides are effective treatments for the nymph and adult stages. Animal should be treated 2 weeks later as the nit stage is resistant to treatment.