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JAALAS > JAALAS 2011 No. 1 > Flashcards

JAALAS 2011 No. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Alworth et al. Laboratory Reptile Surgery.1. What is the normal recommendation for length of time for suture removal in reptiles?

A

6 or more weeks

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2
Q
  1. What are the considerations for surgical considerations in reptiles?
A

Ventilation: head and neck position important.
Prevent pressure necrosis: avoid excessive compression of head, limbs, and coelom.
Hypoventilation of lungs.
Visceral rupture.
Hyperextension or flexion of joints.

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3
Q

Jasmin et al. Perioperative Ruminal pH Changes in Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries)1. Acute rumen acidosis generally occurs when the rumen pH falls below:

a. 6.5
b. 6.0
c. 5.5
d. 5.0

A

d. 5.0

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4
Q
  1. Mastication is important in ruminants because:
    a. It helps stimulate rumen motility
    b. It helps produce saliva which helps to buffer ruminal contents
    c. Both are equally important per the article
A

b. It helps produce saliva, buffering rumen contents.

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5
Q
  1. A stable (e.g. “healthy”) rumen contains predominantly
    a. Gram positive organisms
    b. Gram negative organisms
    c. Even distribution of each
A

b. Gram neg organisms

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6
Q
  1. The correct genus/species of sheep is Aries ovis. T or F
A

False

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7
Q
  1. Due to the species specificity of ruminal contents, it is often not recommended to use bovine ruminal contents for transfaunation of other ruminant species. T or F
A

False

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8
Q

Kaneko and Ohno. Improvement in the Development of Oocytes from C57BL/6 Survival of B6 oocytes after ICSI was lower than that of B6D2F1 oocytes.1. What does ICSI stand for?

A

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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9
Q
  1. What is the standard protocol for superovulating mice?
A

Injection of 7.5 IU PMSG followed by 7.5 IU hcg 48 hours later

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10
Q
  1. Survival rate of oocytes following injection is higher in which mice: C57 or B6D2F1?
A

B6D2F1

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11
Q

Gordon and Wyatt. The Water Delivery System Affects the Rate of Weight Gain in C57BL/6JT or F. Mice experiencing only automated water delivery tend to be as healthy as those receiving water bottles only or a combination of water bottles and automated water delivery

A

True

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12
Q

Automated watering for mice is not universally accepted. Why?

A

Because of concerns that leaking valves might flood cages.

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13
Q

Researchers and animal care providers express concern that solely using automated watering systems with mice may lead to higher mortality and morbidity of weaned mice that that of associated with using a water bottle system. Why?

A

Because researchers blame the higher mortality and morbidity to learning curve problems or young rodents having insufficient strength to trigger the automated watering system. Moreover, researchers have concerns for automated watering system because a leaky valve could easily fill a cage if not noticed in time.

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14
Q

Swennes et al. Human Handling Promotes Compliant Behavior in Adult Laboratory Rabbits.The skeleton of a rabbit comprises approximately __% of its total body weight. This predisposes rabbits to a fracture of the _______ _______ during restraint (if performed improperly

A

7%; lumbar spine

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15
Q

Vitamin D toxicity is characterized by:

A

Calcification of soft tissues

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16
Q

Rabbits are frequently used to produce

a. Polyclonal antibodies
b. Monoclonal antibodies

A

a. polyclonal antibodies

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17
Q

Delpire et al. Housing and Husbandry of Xenopus laevis Affects.1. Xenopus oocytes are a widely used as a heterologous protein expression system? T/F

A

True

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18
Q

What is meant by heterologous protein expression?

A
  1. This refers to the production of proteins of one species using the protein production machinery of another species. For example, the mRNA of a species other than Xenopus can be injected into the cytoplasm of a Xenopus oocyte where it is translated to yield the protein(s) of interest. This process could also begin with the introduction of cDNA into the nucleus.
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19
Q
  1. Other than the Xenopus oocyte, what is another commonly used heterologous expression system
A

The use of bacteria to produce human insulin

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20
Q

Lindstrom et al. Soiled Bedding Sentinels for the Detection of Fur Mites in Mice.What is the length of the life cycle for Myocoptes

A

14 days

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21
Q

What is the length of the life cycle for Myobia?

A

23 days

22
Q

What are the preferences for site on the body for each of these two mites?

A

Myobia: head & neck
Myocoptes: back, ventral abdomen, inguinal

23
Q

T or F. Myobia feeds on superficial skin tissues and secretions of mice

A

True

24
Q

T or F. Dirty bedding transfer is the best way to detect fur mites, Sendai virus, Pasteurella pneumotropica, LCMV, and CAR bacillus

A

No. All of these are poorly transmitted by dirty bedding.

25
Q

Transmission of fur mites occurs by _________.

A

mouse to mouse contact.

26
Q

Choquet et al. Carbon Tube Electrodes for Electrocardiography-Gated Cardiac Multimodality Imaging in Mice.What are some constraints of current methods used in obtaining ECG signals in mice?

a. Time-consuming and expensive
b. Can cause discomfort and pain, and expensive
c. Time-consuming and can cause discomfort and pain
d. Expense and not reliable

A

c. time consuming, and can cause discomfort/pain.

27
Q

T/F: 2-lead bipolar surface ECG provides maximum signal.

A

False

28
Q

T/F: Mean heart rate using the proposed carbon tube method differs significantly between anesthetized and anaesthetized mice.

A

False

29
Q

Moroni et al. Vascular Access Port Implantation and Serial Blood Sampling in a Gottingen Minipig .What factors affect the successful usage of VAP?

a. Shape (appropriate choice of port-dome height)
b. Material
c. Surgical technique
d. Postoperative maintenance
e. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

30
Q

What are the main factors of death in irradiated animals?

a. Infection
b. Hemorrhage
c. Capillary fragility
d. Organ dysfunction
e. A and B
f. A, B, and C
g. All of the above

A

F. Infection, Hemorrhage, & Capillary fragility

31
Q

Animals in the study showed altered hematologic values after VAP implantation – T/F?

A

False. no hematologic changes

32
Q

What was the longest shortest and longest duration of VAP usage reported in this study?

A

shortest duration = 30 days

longest duration = 93 days

33
Q

Briefly describe the gross and histologic appearance of tissue surrounding the majority (19 of 20) of the VAPs

A

Grossly, the surrounding tissue appeared healthy with focal granulation tissue, minimal cellular inflammation and mild subacute hemorrhages. Histologic examination of the skin and subcutis surrounding the VAP revealed a dense rim of granulation tissue and fibrosis. One pig had progressive occlusion of the catheter that led to eventual failure. Histopathologic examination of the point of occlusion found chronic thrombosis of the vessel with proliferative vasculopathy. Microscopic analysis of the catheter wall indicated the presence of a pinpoint-size hole, which led to blood leakage and clot formation

34
Q

Regueiro-Purrinos et al. Ventricular Arrhythmias and Mortality Associated with Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in a Porcine ModelFactors can influence the incidence and severity of arrhythmias that are associated with myocardial ischemia;

a. Location and distribution of the occluded coronary artery
b. Extension of myocardial infarction
c. Duration of the coronary occlusion
d. Anesthetic protocols and heart rate
e. Above all

A

E. All of the above

35
Q

The porcine model of myocardial infarction

a. Has high reproducibility
b. Mimic the human anatomy and pathophysiologic effects
c. Has high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias
d. A and B only
e. A, B and C

A

E. all of the above

36
Q

Olafiranye et al. Harmonic Analysis of Noninvasively Recorded Arterial Pressure Waveforms in Healthy Bonnet Macaques (Macaca radiata), pp. 79-83.1. Name several anatomic locations of arterial beds from which arterial waveforms can potentially be obtained

A

Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, respiratory, peripheral, and ophthalmic arterial beds

37
Q

pplanation tonometry is considered an invasive or noninvasive technique?

A

Noninvasive

38
Q
  1. T/F. Hypertension is uncommon in nonhuman primates.
A

True

39
Q

Lockworth et al. Training Veterinary Care Technicians and Husbandry Staff Improves Animal Care.1. According to the Guide and Animal Welfare Act, who is responsible for the overall program of veterinary care and welfare of the animals in a facility?

A

Attending veterinarian

40
Q
  1. According to the Guide and Animal Welfare Act, who is responsible for the training of personnel that use and care for the animals
A

The institution

41
Q
  1. What are the three criteria for euthanasia mentioned in this article that were used in the flow diagram and decision making process?
A
  1. Study protocol defined endpoint euthanasia
  2. Emergency/immediate euthanasia–moribund
  3. Rare state euthanasia–not moribund but quick decision needed
42
Q

Ko et al. Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm in a Gottingen Minipig.A recent case report found an aneurysm involving the sinus of Valsalva. What was postulated to be the cause of the aneurysm?

a. Congenital
b. Infectious
c. Degenerative
d. Idiopathic

A

A. congenital

43
Q

What is a potential sequela of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm mentioned in a recent JAALAS article?

a. Aortic valve insufficiency
b. Aortic stenosis
c. Aortocardiac fistula
d. Pulmonic stenosis

A

c. aortocardiac fistula

44
Q

True or False: In humans there is a predominance of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms found in females

A

False, more prominant in males

45
Q

Schmelting et al. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma and Juxtacortical Chondrosarcoma in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fasicularis.Peripheral ossifying fibromas originate from which of the following tissue(s)?

a. Dentin
b. Periodontal ligament
c. Periosteum
d. Enamel
e. b and c
f. a and d

A

e. periodontal ligament and periosteum

46
Q

True/False? Juxtacortical chondrosarcomas are known to be highly invasive tumors and tend to metastasize to the lungs

A

False

47
Q

True/False? Neoplasia is often identified in nonhuman primate colonies

A

False

48
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in a Closed Colony of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta.except?

a. Streptomycin
b. Isoniazid.
c. Ethambutol.
d. Rifampicin
e. Enrofloxacin

A

e. enrolfloxacin

49
Q

What is the appropriate histological stain used to identify M. tuberculosis

A

Acid-fast stain

50
Q

Severe Thrombocytopenia in Aged Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Infected with Simian Varicella Virus.What pathologic mechanism is thought to produce the thrombocytopenia in SVV or VZV?

a. Suppressed thrombopoiesis in the bone marrow
b. Disseminated intravascular coagulation
c. Autoimmune response

A

C. Autoimmune response

51
Q

Which of these is not a clinical sign attributable to a SVV infection in a macaque?

a. White oral plaques
b. Vesicular dermatitis
c. Epistaxis
d. Prolonged clotting time

A

A. White oral plaques

52
Q

What is the treatment of choice for ITP secondary to SVV?

a. Antivirals
b. Corticosteroids
c. Supportive therapy only

A

B and/or C

JAALAS (17 decks)

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