JAALAS 2010 No. 6 KD Flashcards
Phillips, Aging Lab Rats.What is a hybrid study design?
A hybrid study design is a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
How do the authors define mobility?
Mobility refers to the rat’s ease of movement around the cage,
What is a frequency distribution?
A frequency distribution is the empirical frequency distribuiton and probability distribution.
What is rank order in statistics?
Rank order in statistics is a systematized arrangement of the data values in ascending or descending order.
In this study, what conclusion did the authors make about body weight measurements
In this study, body weight was not an accurate predictor of mortality.
Howard. Enrofloxacin in Xenopus laevis.1. What is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones?
a. Inhibition of DNA gyrase preventing supercoiling and synthesis of bacterial DNA.
b. Inhibition of peptidoglycan crosslinks in bacterial cell walls.
c. Binds to 50S ribosome and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
d. Sequentially inhibit enzymes in the folic acid pathway, thereby inhibiting bacterial thymidine synthesis
a. Fluoroquinolones inhibit DNA gyrase preventing supercoiling and synthesis of bacterial DNA.
- What is the active metabolite of enrofloxacin that was also found in the water of these frogs?
Ciprofloxacin
- The half-life of enrofloxacin in African clawed frogs is most similar to which of the following?
a. Mammals
b. Fish
a. The half-life is similar to mammals.
- Why was it not possible to bioavailability of IM or SQ injection of enrofloxacin in this study?
Bioavailability (the extent of systemic absorption) can only be meausred by comparing the IM or SQ area under the curve (AUC) with the AUC from and IV dose. IV dosing is not possible.
Papp. Cefovecin in Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sclureus), Rhesus macaques (Maca mulatta), and Cynomologus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).What class of antibiotics is cefovecin?
Cephalosporins
What is the effective cephalosporin concentration to achieve successful therapy
90% of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the targeted pathogen
What species is cefovecin currently labeled for use in?
Dog and cat
What is cefovecin used to treat currently?
Skin, soft tissue, and urinary tract infections
Wilson. ELISA to detect Giardia in Ovis aries.1. A highly sensitive test is a measure of true ______ in a population
A highly sensitive test is a measure of true positives.
- A highly specific test is a measure of true _______ in a population
A highly specific test is a measure of true negatives in a population.
- What are the morphologic forms of giardia?
Cysts and trophozoites
- Do sheep usually present with clinical signs of giardia
Not in this case.
Wolf et al. Generation of a Specific-Pathogen-Free Baboon Colony.1. An effective for development of a baboon colony free of multiple viruses consists of;
a. Early removal of infants from dams
b. Housing in small peer groups
c. Frequent virus testing
d. Aggressive culling of virus-positive animals
e. All of the above
e. All of the above.
- The gastrointestinal parasites; Trichuris trichuria, Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides fulleborni have been included recently in the list of agents targeted for exclusion in SPF baboon program in this facility. True or False
True
- Treatment of baboons with fenbendazole or fenbendazole-containing primate diet can eliminate Trichuris from single- and group-housed baboons. True or False?
True
Gadad et al. Effect of Fenbendazole on Three Behavioral Tests in Male C57BL/6N Mice.1. What are the two primary pinworms of concern in laboratory mice?
Syphacia muris and Aspicularis tetraptera
- What type of drug is fenbendazole?
Benzimidazole derivative
- How does fenbendazole work to eliminate pinworms
Absorbed from the GI tract and metabolized in the liver to its active form. The drug is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor and binds to the structural protein beta tubulin.
Gruda et al. A System for Implanting Laboratory Mice with Light-Activated Microtransponders.Which is not a feature of a light-activated microtransponder?
a. Its small size makes it easy to place
b. It is relatively inexpensive
c. There is minimum training involved for placement and reading of the microtransponder
d. Placement requires anesthesia
d. Placement does not require anesthesia
What was the success rate of the microtransponder over the course of the study (6 months)?
a. 90%
b. 75%
c. 98%
c. 98%
een et al. Efficacy of Soaking in 70% Isopropyl Alcohol as disinfectant.1. Which properties, if any, of 70% isopropyl alcohol make it useful for disinfection in serial rodent surgeries?
a. Rapidly bactericidal
b. Does not leave a residue
c. All of the above
d. None of the above
C. All of the above (no residue, and rapidly bactericidal)
- 70% isopropyl alcohol was able to prevent contamination in serial laparotomies of up to how many mice?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 10
B. 5 times
- What was the contact time used for the 70% isopropyl alcohol on surgical instruments?
a. 30 seconds
b. 1 minute
c. 1 minute 30 seconds
d. 2 minutes
d. 2 minutes
Hu et al. Ligation of Left Circumflex Coronary Artery with Subsequent MRI and Histopathology in Rabbits1. In a rabbit model of coronary artery disease, which coronary vessel is the main arterial supply to the left ventricle?
Left circumflex coronary artery
- In Masson trichrome staining of the heart, how is trichrome staining applied?
Immersion of sections into Weiger iron hemtoxylin followed by Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin, phosphomolybdic-phosphtungstic acid, and anline bue
- In non-intubated rabbits, what device can be used in lieu of an endotracheal tube to provide positive pressure ventilation in the case of sudden apnea?
Aspirator mask
Weaver et al. A Model of Clinical Evaluation of Perioperative Analgesia in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus.1. T/F. Animals within the opioid treatment groups of this study showed no difference in fecal output, going against the widely claimed dogma that opioids reduce propulsive motility of the GI tract.
- True
- T/F. Of the many behavioral variables monitored, the two that appeared to be most affected by surgery were travel distance and rearing.
True
- T/F. Mean body weight returned to normal by 7 days post op.
False
Shousha et al. Comparison of Electrocardiographic Recordings in Open-Chest and Close-Chest Swine Models.Why is it important that the thoracotomy affected the ST segment?
It could interfere with the ECG interpretation of MI
True/False: All surgery changes the ST segment.
False
Adissu and Turner. Insulinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Peripheral Polyneuropathy .T/F: Insulinomas in a rat will always present with a fasting hypoglycemia.
False. Definitive dx is by histology and immunohistochemical staining.
Which of the following histological characteristics are NOT typical for beta-cell adenomas?
a. Expansile growth without invasion or metastasis
b. Glucagon-staining at the periphery of the pancreatic islets
c. Surrounded by a thin, fibrous capsule
d. Insulin-staining in a majority of the cells throughout the tumor.
B. Cells positive for glucagon will be scattered throughout the tumor.
T/F: Insulinoma should be a differential for rats with clinical signs suggestive of primary disease of the nervous system
True, even in the absence of hypoglycemia
Kolappaswamy et al. Recurrent Idiopathic Gingival Enlargement in an Olive Baboon (Papio anubis.What is the dental formula of Papio spp.?
2/2, 1/1, 2/2, 3/3 = 32
The etiology of gingival enlargement (hyperplasia) of humans has been documented from what sources?
a. Age
b. Drug induced (cyclosporine, erythromycin, calcium channel blockers)
c. Plaque
d. All of the above
D. All of the above.
Hopper et al. Camptomelia in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta. What is camptomelia?
Camptomelia is a bending of the limbs that produces a permanent curving or bowing often congenital in origin.
What are some differential diagnoses for bending of the long bones
Rickets, hyperparathyroidism, fluorosis, and genetic disease. Test Vit D levels, do renal function tests, rads, Ca levels and bone density
Alves et al. Giant Thoracic Schwannoma in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta.Most human patients with mediastinal schwannomas are asymptomatic for the tumors.
A. True
B. False
A. True, most patients are asymptomatic
Which of the following immunohistochemical markers ARE NOT found in peripheral nerve sheath tumors?
A. S100 protein
B. Vimentin
C. Glial fibrillary acidic protein
D. Nerve growth factor receptor protein
E. None; that is, all of the above are found in peripheral nerve sheath tumors
E. all are found in peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Schwannomas are common and well-documented in non-human primates.
A. True
B. False
B. False, uncommon
Han and Capuanno. Successful Treatment of Cryptosporidiosis in 2 Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus.How many days of treatment are needed to abolish clinical signs associated with Cryptosporidiosis in marmosets?
a. 14
b. 21
c. 7
d. 10
e. 28
e. 28 days of treatment
What is the antibiotic of choice to treat Cryptosporidiosis in marmosets?
a. Amoxicilin
b. Paromomycin
c. Gentamicin
d. Engemycin
e. Ciprofloxacin
B. Paromomycin
What is the treatment dose used for treating Cryptosporidiosis in marmosets?
a. 250 mg/kg
b. 500 mg/kg
c. 150 mg/kg
d. 15 mg/kg
e. 25 mg/kg
d. 15 mg/kg
