isomers Flashcards
what kind of isomer?
what type of isomer?
what type of isomer?
what type of isomer?
what does chiral mean?
have a non-superimposable (non-identical) mirror image
what does achiral mean?
mirrored image is identical to self
are these molecules chiral or achiral?
chiral
what are examples of chiral objects?
cars
shoes
feet
what are examples of achiral objects?
glass cup
what is the definition of enantiomers?
a type of stereoisomer that involves the relationship between two mirrored objects
what are the requirements for a carbon to be chiral?
chiral carbon must be bonded to 4 different groups
is this a chiral carbon?
no, the carbon does not contain 4 different bonds
is this chiral carbon?
yes
of all these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
of these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
of these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
of these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
of these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
of these carbon bonds, are any chiral?
label the relationships between all of these
what is a diastereomer?
stereoisomer that is not an enantiomer (not ALL hashes are wedges of the other molecule or vice versa)
need 2 chiral carbons for there to be a diastereomer
what is the relationship between the hashes and wedges of enantiomers?
wherever one wedge is, there is a hash on the other molecule and vice versa
is there a chiral carbon?
is there a chiral carbon?
why is it that we need to know and understand about chiral carbons?
our bodies can tell the difference between one chiral enantiomer from the next
(can’t fit the wrong chiral molecule into the enzyme that specifically wants the right one)
some enantiomers of drugs have one active enantiomer and one non-active, when this is the case, what must the non-active one be to be safe?
the non-active one must do nothing harmful to the body in order for it to be safe to consume in a 50/50 solution without needing for separating
what was the drug we talked about in class that was previously used to treat pregnant mothers’ morning sickness?
Thalidomide
who positioned against the use of thalidomide and why? were they right?
Frances Kelsey; because not enough testing was done on pregnant mothers
yes; after time, it was found that it caused 50 percent fetal fatality or birth defects
