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Chem 005 > Chapter 23 Metabolism and energy production > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Metabolism and energy production Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an exergonic reaction?

A

spontaneous reaction that releases free energy
energy will be found on the product side

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2
Q

what is an endergonic reaction?

A

nonspontaneous reaction or process that absorbs free
energy
energy will be found on the reactant side

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3
Q

what is the reaction involving food to create energy?

A
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4
Q

what do we use as energy sources? what is a common product of all three pathways?

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins

acetyl coenzyme A -> energy

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5
Q

why must energy be released from food gradually?

A

if done immediately, would create energy too quickly resulting in combustion

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6
Q

what is the formula for chemical reactions involving energy are based on?

A
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7
Q

exergonic reactions produce _____ delta G?

A
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8
Q

endergonic reactions produce _____ delta G

A
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9
Q

what do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic don’t?

A

membrane-enclosed nucleus
organelles
cytoplasm
cytosol

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10
Q

what is involved in the linear metabolic pathway?

A

have varied number of steps that start with specific reactants and end with specific products that terminate the reaction sequences

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11
Q

what is involved with a cyclic metabolic pathway?

A

contain a single chemical reaction that is repeated

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12
Q

what is involved with a spiral metabolic pathway?

A

similar to cyclic, except that it does not loop on itself, but instead in a spiral

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13
Q

what is an example of a linear metabolic pathway?

A

glycolysis

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14
Q

what is an example of a cyclic metabolic pathway?

A

Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle)

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15
Q

what is an example of a spiral metabolic pathway?

A

synthesize or degrade large molecules or polymers like fatty acids, proteins, DNA or RNA

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16
Q

what is catabolism?

A

break down molecules to produce energy

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17
Q

what is anabolism?

A

uses energy to build large molecules from smaller pieces

18
Q

what occurs in digestion?

A

bulk of food is catabolized in the mouth, stomach, and small intestines to yield small molecules

19
Q

what occurs during acetyl-CoA production?

A

sugar and amino acids molecules are degraded in the cytoplasm of cells to make
fatty acid molecules are degraded in the mitochondria of cells to make

20
Q

what occurs in the citric acid cycle?

A

acetyl-CoA is oxidized to produce CO2 and reduced coenzymes

21
Q

what occurs during ATP production?

A

reduced coenzymes are used to make ATP within the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation phases

22
Q

is this reaction exer/endergonic?

A

exergonic

23
Q

is this reaction exer/endergonic?

A

endergonic

24
Q

how is ATP released and stored?

A

Energy is stored between the bonds connecting the phosphate groups together in ATP. When the cell requires energy, the third phosphate group becomes detached from ATP, releasing energy in that bond for the cell to use

25
Q

how do coupled reactions work to produce energy?

A

unfavorable reactions are coupled to favorable reactions so that the overall energy (excess) is released as heat

26
Q

what is the coenzyme and reactant involved with the citric acid cycle?

A

coenzyme A
acetyl-CoA

27
Q

what enzyme is involved?
what type of reaction?
exer/endergonic?

A
28
Q

what enzyme is involved?
what type of reaction?
exer/endergonic?

A
29
Q

what enzyme is involved?
what type of reaction?
exer/endergonic?

A
30
Q

what is the overall result of the citric acid cycle?

A

reduced coenzymes: 3 NADH + 1 FADH2
2 CO2
1 GTP -> = 1 ATP

31
Q

what is the net ATP of the citric acid cycle?

A
32
Q

where does the ETC take place?

A

along the mitochondrial inner membrane

33
Q

how does the ETC contribute to generation of ATP

A

reduced coenzymes donate their H+ and electrons to the ETC
energy harvested is used to push H+ from matrix to intermembrane space forming potential gradient

34
Q

how does the oxidative phosphorylation contribute to the generation of ATP?

A

ATP synthase allows H+ back into the matrix in order to catalyze ATP formation

35
Q

what is the final written reaction at the end of oxidative phosphorylation?

A
36
Q

write the full reaction of the citric acid cycle

A
37
Q

is catabolism ender/exergonic?

A

exergonic

38
Q

is anabolism ender/exergonic?

A

endergonic

39
Q

what is the value of delta g in all ATP to ADP reactions?

A

-7.3 kcal/mol

40
Q

what is the value of delta g in all ADP to ATP reactions?

A

+7.3 kcal/mol

41
Q

what is a name of an enzyme that implies its function within the Kreb’s cycle?

A

dehydrogenase causes dehydration reaction

Chem 005 (17 decks)

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