Chapter 19 notes Flashcards
what structurally makes a lipid a lipid?
naturally occurring molecule from a plant or animal that is
soluble in nonpolar organic solvents and insoluble in water (hydrophobic)
what is a hydrolyzable lipid vs nonhydrolyzable liquid?
means hydrolysis can occur and can break down into smaller subunits
means hydrolysis cannot occur and cannot be broken down
which lipids are hydrolyzable?
waxes
triacylglycerols
phospholipids
which lipids are nonhydrolyzable?
steroids
fat-soluble vitamins
eicosanoids
what makes a fatty acid?
carboxylic acid with 12-20 carbon chains
what makes a naturally occurring fatty acid?
contain even number of carbons
(uneven can occur but it would be unlikely)
what makes a saturated fatty acid?
zero carbon double bonds
what makes an unsaturated fatty acid?
one or more carbon double bonds
what kind of double bonds most likely occur in nature?
cis carbon double bonds
saturated or unsaturated? name the carbon using its Cx:x format
saturated
C18:0 acid
saturated or unsaturated? name the carbon using its Cx:x format
C18:1 acid
what type of omega fatty acid is this? saturated or unsaturated?
unsaturated
omega-9
what happens to the melting point of a fatty acid that contains zero double bonds. what happens to the melting point when double bonds are added?
melting point is high without double bonds and increase per the fewer carbons there are within the structure
melting point is lowered the more double bonds are added
what reaction is creating waxes?
esterification
long chain carboxylic acid + oil (long chain alcohol) -> wax (long chain ester)
is the double bond cis or trans?
double bonds are assumed to be cis unless otherwise SPECIFIED
triacylglycerol is an example of what kind of ester?
triester
what is the difference between simple and mixed triacylglycerols?
difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated?
difference between fats and oils?
fats are sourced from animal products and contain triglycerides that are solid at room temperature
oils are sourced from plant products and contain triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature
how many double bonds do fats contain in comparison to oils?
fats contain few-to-none double bonds (saturated)
oils contain one or more double bonds (unsaturated)
would melting point be lower or higher between saturated and unsaturated
the more unsaturated a product is, the lower the melting point
would boiling point be lower or high between saturated and unsaturated products?
the more unsaturated the lower the boiling point (because the bends in the double bonds make the molecule bulky and decrease surface area)
what is this general chemical structure called? (not the name of the molecule)
trans triacylglycerol
what are the two functional groups between triglycerides?
ester
alkene
what type of reaction is this? what is the product?
hydrogenation
what type of reaction is this? what is the product?
hydrolysis
what type of reaction is this? what is the product?
saponification
when making soap, why do we leave the glycerol in the soap structure?
it acts as a natural moisturizer
describe a soap molecule
carboxylate salt of a fatty acid
makes up micelle structures
what is a micelle?
a spherical structure formed by aggregation of soap molecules
how is it that micelles can help wash our hands?
hydrophobic (nonpolar) inside is able to trap clusters of oil/dirt particles while hydrophilic (polar) outside surface is able to travel within water (also polar) and be washed away
what are the main subunits within triacylglycerol?
what are the main subunits within phosphoacylglycerols?
what are the subunits within sphingomyelins?