Fundamentals Flashcards
when a molecule has fewer bonds than expected, what is the result?
a negative charge
when a molecule has more bonds than expected, what is the result?
a positive charge
Ex: such is the case with NH4. when nitrogen must share the lone pairs of electrons with one extra hydrogen, the overall molecule will gain a positive charge
what is this molecular shape? in degrees?
linear 180 degrees
what is this molecular shape? in degrees?
trigonal planar 120 degrees
what is this molecular shape? in degrees?
BENT trigonal planar <120 degrees
what is this molecular shape? in degrees?
tetrahedral 109.5 degrees
what is this molecular shape? in degrees?
trigonal pyramidal 107 degrees
what is this molecular shape? in degrees
BENT tetrahedral 104 degrees
identify each of the molecular shapes:
list the electronegativity in order from greatest to weakest of these molecules: Florine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon
list the names of forces between molecules in order from greatest force to least amount of force
Ionic bonds > hydrogen bonds > dipole-dipole forces > London forces
what are London forces based on?
surface area
number of electrons
which has a high surface area vs low?
pentane = high surface area
neopentane = low surface area (think of beach balls touching another beach ball)
how strong are the forces between a compound with a low boiling point?
weak
how strong are the forces between a compound with a high boiling point?
strong (think of metals)
if a compound has many electrons, how strong are the London forces?
strong
if a compound has lesser electrons, how strong are the London forces?
weak
what are dipolar forces?
forces between negatively charged and positively charged ions
what are hydrogen bonds?
bonds of Hydrogen between O, N, or F
what are ionic bonds?
bonds between metals and nonmetals
what is a haloalkane?
an alkane + any halogen