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Chem 005 > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

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1
Q

when a molecule has fewer bonds than expected, what is the result?

A

a negative charge

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2
Q

when a molecule has more bonds than expected, what is the result?

A

a positive charge
Ex: such is the case with NH4. when nitrogen must share the lone pairs of electrons with one extra hydrogen, the overall molecule will gain a positive charge

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3
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees?

A

linear 180 degrees

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4
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees?

A

trigonal planar 120 degrees

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5
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees?

A

BENT trigonal planar <120 degrees

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6
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees?

A

tetrahedral 109.5 degrees

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7
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees?

A

trigonal pyramidal 107 degrees

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8
Q

what is this molecular shape? in degrees

A

BENT tetrahedral 104 degrees

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9
Q

identify each of the molecular shapes:

A
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10
Q

list the electronegativity in order from greatest to weakest of these molecules: Florine, Chlorine, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon

A
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11
Q

list the names of forces between molecules in order from greatest force to least amount of force

A

Ionic bonds > hydrogen bonds > dipole-dipole forces > London forces

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12
Q

what are London forces based on?

A

surface area
number of electrons

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13
Q

which has a high surface area vs low?

A

pentane = high surface area
neopentane = low surface area (think of beach balls touching another beach ball)

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14
Q

how strong are the forces between a compound with a low boiling point?

A

weak

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15
Q

how strong are the forces between a compound with a high boiling point?

A

strong (think of metals)

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16
Q

if a compound has many electrons, how strong are the London forces?

A

strong

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17
Q

if a compound has lesser electrons, how strong are the London forces?

A

weak

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18
Q

what are dipolar forces?

A

forces between negatively charged and positively charged ions

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19
Q

what are hydrogen bonds?

A

bonds of Hydrogen between O, N, or F

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20
Q

what are ionic bonds?

A

bonds between metals and nonmetals

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21
Q

what is a haloalkane?

A

an alkane + any halogen

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22
Q

what is an ether?

A

oxygen separated with two chains of carbon chains

23
Q

what are thiols?

A

carbon chain attached to SH

24
Q

what are sulfides?

A

sulfur separated with two chains of carbon chains

25
Q

what are disulfides?

A

two sulfur connected together and separated by two carbon chains

26
Q

what are amines?

A

Nitrogen connected and separated by carbon chains

27
Q

what are aldehydes?

A
28
Q

ketones?

A
29
Q

carboxylic acids?

A
30
Q

ester?

A
31
Q

amide?

A
32
Q

Peroxide?

A
33
Q

what would this structure be called?

A
34
Q

what is the difference between isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl?

A

isobutyl has a methyl branch at the second to last carbon of the substi.
sec-butyl has a methyl branch at the first carbon of the substi.
tert-butyl has a trimethyl branch at the first carbon of the substi.

35
Q

what is the name of this substituent

A

sec-butyl

36
Q

what is the name of this substituent?

A

isobutyl

37
Q

what is the name of this substituent?

A

tert-butyl

38
Q

name this structure

A
39
Q

name this structure

A
40
Q

what are the factors that contribute to London forces?

A

surface area
number of electrons

41
Q

what is the boiling point of a compound dependent on?

A

intermolecular forces (stronger IMFs = higher boiling point)
number of branches - more branching causes reduction of surface area = lower boiling point

42
Q

what is the melting point of a compound dependent on?

A

IMFs
symmetry - more symmetrical molecules will have higher melting points

43
Q

which molecule would have higher boiling point and which higher melting point?

A

a.) would have higher boiling point because the net dipole is positive in value (stronger IMFs)
b.) would have a higher melting point because it is more symmetrical (more symmetry)

44
Q

are alkanes polar or nonpolar? do they dissolve in water?

A

alkanes are nonpolar
they do not dissolve in water

45
Q

what are some characteristics of alkanes?

A

less dense than water
flammable
odorless
colorless
tasteless
nontoxic

46
Q

what is the definition of a smaller alkane?

A

1-4 carbons = gas
they are a suffocation hazard

47
Q

what does the reaction of complete combustion of an alkane require and what does it produce? incomplete?

A
48
Q

how many degrees in a trigonal planar?

A

120

49
Q

how many degrees in a bent trigonal planar?

A

118

50
Q

how many degrees in tetrahedral?

A

109.5

51
Q

how many degrees in trigonal pyramidal?

A

107

52
Q

how many degrees in bent tetrahedral?

A

104

53
Q

which directions along the periodic table is electronegativity stronger?

A

gets stronger as it moves towards fluorine in the upper righthand corner

54
Q

which of these would have stronger London forces?

A

pentane would have stronger forces because it has more surface area
neopentane would have weaker forces because of the low surface area

Chem 005 (17 decks)

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