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IPS > IPS Spring FInal > Flashcards

IPS Spring FInal Flashcards

1
Q

physical science is the study of ___

A

matter and energy

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2
Q

matter is anything that…

A

has mass and volume
takes up space

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3
Q

energy is the ability to…

A

do work or cause change

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4
Q

mass is the amount of ___ in an object

A

matter

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5
Q

work is the transfer of ___ in which a ___ is put on an object and the object moves ___

A

energy, force, in the direction of the force

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6
Q

scientific method is a ___ used to ___

A

set of steps, solve a problem

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7
Q

a hypothesis is a ___ made from ___

A

an educated guess, previous observations and knowledge

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8
Q

volume is..

A

the amount of space an object takes up

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9
Q

a variable is any factor that can…

A

make a change in the results of an experiment

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10
Q

temperature is the measure of ___ of the atoms in an object

A

kinetic energy

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11
Q

density is the ___ of a material

A

mass per unit volume

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12
Q

speed is..

A

the distance an object travels over a period of time

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13
Q

velocity is the ___ over ___ and ___

A

distance an object travels
time
the object’s direction

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14
Q

acceleration is the ___ of ___ of an object over time

A

change, velocity

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15
Q

g is the ___ of a falling object due to ___ in a vacuum. What is it?

A

acceleration
gravity
9.8m/s^2

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16
Q

gravity is a ___ between any objects dependant on the ___ of the objects. Often defined as a

A

force, mass, a downward force on all objects

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17
Q

a force is..

A

any push or pull on an object

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18
Q

friction is the ___ that ___ between 2 surfaces in contact

A

force, opposes the motion

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19
Q

terminal velocity is ___ due to the ___ and ___ becoming balanced

A

highest velocity a falling object will reach, forces of gravity, air resistance

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20
Q

inertia is the ___ of an object to ___. Which of Newton’s Laws is this?

A

resistance, any change in its motion, first

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21
Q

free-fall is when an object falls free from ___

A

air resistance

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22
Q

weight is the ___ of the ___ on an ___

A

measure, force gravity, object’s mass

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23
Q

absolute zero is a ___ at which ___. The temperature is…

A

theoretical temperature, all particle motion would stop, -273°C or 0K

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24
Q

a machine is a device used to…

A

make work easier

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25
Q

Power is the ___ at which ___. Power is the amount of ___ over ___.

A

rate, work is done, work done, over time

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26
Q

efficiency is a measure of how much ___ is changed into ___ by the machine

A

work put into a machine, useful work output

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27
Q

thermal expansion is the ___ due to ___

A

increase in volume of an object, increased temperature

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28
Q

a fluid is any substances whose particles can…

A

move past one another and take the shape of its container

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29
Q

kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to the ___

A

object’s motion

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30
Q

potential energy is the energy of an object ___, or energy ___

A

at rest, stored by an object

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31
Q

a vacuum is…

A

an area without air

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32
Q

nuclear fusion is the production of energy from the ___ of the nuclei of atoms at ___

A

collisions and combining, very high temperatures and pressure

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33
Q

nuclear fission is the production of energy from the ___ of nuclei, like ___ nuclei

A

splitting, uranium

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34
Q

fossil fuels are ___ found ___ formed from ___

A

energy sources, within the earth, the decay of plants and animals millions of years ago

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35
Q

renewable energy resources are energy resources that…

A

can be produced as quickly as they are used

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36
Q

non-renewable energy resources are energy resources that…

A

are used up quicker than they can be made

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37
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. identify the problem
  2. observations
  3. hypothesis
  4. test hypothesis
  5. analyze data
  6. conclusion
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38
Q

what is the formula for mass

A

m=D x Vf

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39
Q

hecto

A

100 H

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40
Q

deca

A

10 D

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41
Q

deci

A

.1 d

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42
Q

centi

A

.01 c

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43
Q

milli

A

.001 m

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44
Q

what is the formula for mass

A

m=DxV

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45
Q

what is the formula for distance

A

d = s x t

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46
Q

what is the formula for temperature

A
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47
Q

what is the formula for density

A

D=m/V

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48
Q

what is the formula for volume

A

regular shaped object: V=l x w x h
irregular shaped object: displacement rule

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49
Q

what is the unit for mass

A

Kg

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50
Q

what is the unit for distance

A

m

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51
Q

What is the unit for temperature

A

K

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52
Q

what is the unit for density

A

g/cm^3 or g/mL

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53
Q

what is the unit for volume

A

regular shaped object: m^3, cm^3
liquid: mL, L

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54
Q

what is the unit for mass

A

Kg

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55
Q

What is the formula for speed

A

s=d/t

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56
Q

what is the formula for velocity

A

v=d/t

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57
Q

what is the formula for acceleration

A

v.f - v.i
a = ———-
t

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58
Q

What is the formula for weight

A

W = m x g

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59
Q

what is the formula for force

A

F = m x a

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60
Q

what is the formula for momentum

A

p=mxv

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61
Q

what is the unit for speed

A

m/s

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62
Q

what is the unit for velocity

A

m/s direction

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63
Q

what is the unit for acceleration

A

m/s^2 direction

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64
Q

what is the unit for weight

A

N

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65
Q

what is the unit for force

A

N

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66
Q

what is the unit for momentum

A

Kg x m/s direction

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67
Q

What is Newton’s 1st Law

A

An object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force; inertia

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68
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd Law

A

the amount of acceleration that an object has depends on the force put on the object and the object’s mass ( F = m x a )

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69
Q

What is Newtons 3rd Law

A

every action force has an equal and opposite reaction ( law of conservation of matter)

70
Q

What are the 6 different types of simple machines

A

pulley
wheel + axel
lever
wedge
inclined plane
screw

71
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed into other forms

72
Q

what is the formula for work

A

W = F x d

73
Q

what is the unit for work

A

J

74
Q

what is the unit for energy

A

Joules

75
Q

What is the formula for power

A

P = W/t

76
Q

what is the unit for power

A

watts (W)

77
Q

what is the formula for efficiency

A

e = (Wout/Win) x 100

78
Q

what is the unit for efficiency

A
79
Q

What are the three types of fossil fuels

A

petroleum
natural gas
coal

80
Q

what are some different types of renewable energy resources

A

wind, solar, hydroelectric

81
Q

What happens in nuclear fusion

A

two hydrogen atoms collide under millions of degrees celsius to produce 1 helium atom, one neutron, and lots of energy

82
Q

what happens in nuclear fission

A

a neutron is shot at a uranium atom (U-235) and the uranium atom splits and becomes 1 krypton atom, 1 barium atom, 3 neutrons, and energy
a chain reaction occurs with the 3 new neutrons

83
Q

What causes a wave

A

something vibrating

84
Q

what does a wave carry

A

energy but not the matter with it

85
Q

What is refraction

A

refraction is the bending of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it travels from one medium to another

86
Q

what is diffraction

A

diffraction is the bending of a wave around an object

87
Q

what is the difference between refraction and diffraction

A

refraction bends as it changes speed while going through a different medium
diffraction bends around and object

88
Q

What are the two types of waves

A

longitudinal/compressional and transverse

89
Q

what is an example of a compressional wave

A

sound

90
Q

what is an example of a transverse wave

A

light, electromagnetic waves

91
Q

list the electromagnetic spectrum in order

A

radio, micro, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma

92
Q

which EM waves carry more energy

A

gamma

93
Q

which EM waves have a higher frequency

A

gamma

94
Q

which EM waves have the longest wavelength

A

radio

95
Q

what is the unit for frequency

A

hertz (Hz)

96
Q

what is the unit for wave speed

A

m/s

97
Q

what is the unit for wavelength

A

meter

98
Q

what is the unit for loudness of a sound

A

decibels (dB)

99
Q

what does the color on the periodic table represent

A

state of matter at room temperature

100
Q

what does group # tell you

A

location

101
Q

what does period # tell you

A

number of shells

102
Q

what does the roman numeral tell you

A

number of valence electrons; helps with oxidation number

103
Q

what does the atomic # tell you

A

the number of protons in the nucleus

104
Q

what does the atomic mass # tell you

A

sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

105
Q

what is the charge of protons

A

positive

106
Q

what is the charge of neutrons

A

neutral

107
Q

what is the charge of electrons

A

negative

108
Q

where are the metals found on the periodic table

A

left side

109
Q

where are the metalloids found on the periodic table

A

the middle

110
Q

where are the non-metals found on the periodic table

A

right side

111
Q

what is the first group called

A

alkali metals

112
Q

what is the second group called

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

113
Q

what are groups 3-12 called

A

transition metals

114
Q

what is group 17 called

A

halogens

115
Q

what is group 18 called

A

noble gases

116
Q

where are the reactants in a chemical equation

A

left of yield sign

117
Q

where are the products in a chemical equation

A

right of yield sign

118
Q

what are the superscripts in a chemical equation called

A

oxidation numbers

119
Q

What is a chemical bond

A

forces that hold atoms together in a compound

120
Q

What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond

A

ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals and the atoms will either gain electrons or lose electrons when they react
but, covalent bonds form between 2 non-metals and the atoms will share electrons when they react

121
Q

chemistry is the study of ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

matter
its composition
its properties
how it reacts with other matter

122
Q

an atom is the ___ of an element that ___ of that element

A

smallest part
retains the properties

123
Q

an element is a group of ___ that ___ by ___ means

A

like atoms combined together
cannot be separated into simpler substances
physical or chemical

124
Q

a compound is a substance that contains…

A

two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

125
Q

atomic number is the number on the periodic table that represents…

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom/element

126
Q

atomic mass number is the number on the periodic table that represents…

A

the number if both protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom/element

127
Q

period number is a number on the periodic table that represents the…

A

number of energy levels an atom/element has

128
Q

the roman numeral is a number in the periodic table that represents…

A

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level on an atom/element

129
Q

valence electrons are the number of…

A

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

130
Q

a stable element is an element that has…

A

its outermost energy level full of electroms

131
Q

a neutral atom is..

A

an atom that has no charge

132
Q

isotopes are atoms ___ that contain different ___

A

of the same element
numbers of neutrons

133
Q

an ion is a

A

charged atom

134
Q

a chemical symbol is the ___ for ___

A

shorthand notation
an element

135
Q

a chemical formula is a ___ for a ___ or a ___ using ___

A

shorthand notation
compound
a diatomic element
chemical symbols and numbers

136
Q

NaCl is an example of a what

A

chemical formula

137
Q

a chemical reaction is the process by which ___ undergo a change to ___

A

one or more substances
produce one or more different substances

138
Q

a chemical equation is a ___ of a ___ using ___

A

shorthand description
chemical reaction
chemical formulas and symbols

139
Q

the starting materials in a chemical reaction are called…

A

reactants

140
Q

the substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction is called…

A

the products

141
Q

the force of attraction between atoms that holds atoms together

A

chemical bond

142
Q

An ionic bond is a ___ between ___ that holds the ions in a compound

A

force of attraction
oppositely charged ions

143
Q

A covalent bond is a ___ between ___ to hold the atoms in a compound

A

force of attraction
atoms that share electrons

144
Q

form between a compound that contains a metal and a non-metal

A

ionic bind

145
Q

form between a compound that contains 2 non-metals

A

covalent bond

146
Q

the kinetic theory of matter explains…

A

how atoms in matter move or behave

147
Q

thermodynamics is the study of ___ and ___

A

energy
how it is transferred

148
Q

specific heat is the ___ needed to change___ of a ___ by

A

amount of energy
the temperature
1Kg object
1°C

149
Q

heat is the ___ from an area at a ___ temperature to an area at a ___ temperature

A

movement of thermal energy
higher
lower

150
Q

insulators are materials that…

A

do not allow energy to flow through them very easily

151
Q

conductors are materials that…

A

allow energy to flow through them very easily

152
Q

a wave is any ___ or ___ that transmits ___ through ___

A

repeating disturbance
movement
energy
matter or space

153
Q

a reflection is when…

A

a wave strikes an object and bounces off the object

154
Q

refraction is the ___ as it passes ___ from ___ to ___

A

bending of a wave
at an angle
one type of medium
another different type of medium

155
Q

diffraction is the…

A

bending of a wave around a barrier or through an opening

156
Q

first class lever

A

fulcrum is in the middle

157
Q

second class lever

A

output is in the middle

158
Q

third class lever

A

input is in the middle

159
Q

What is the temperature for freezing point in F

A

32

160
Q

What is the temperature for freezing point in C

A

0

161
Q

What is room temperature in F

A

68-72

162
Q

what is room temperature in C

A

20-22

163
Q

What is boiling point in F

A

212

164
Q

What is boiling point in C

A

100

165
Q

What is human body temperaute in F

A

98.6

166
Q

what is human body temperature in C

A

37

167
Q

tera

A

one trillion - T

168
Q

Giga

A

one billion - G

169
Q

Mega

A

one million - M

170
Q

micro

A

one millionth - µ

171
Q

nano

A

one billionth - n

IPS (21 decks)

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