Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards
The burning of fossil fuels converts ___ potential energy into ___ energy, which is then converted into other useful forms like electricity or heat for homes
chemical
thermal
to use energy means to….
transform energy from one form to another
List greatest to least % of energy used
industry
transportation
residential
commercial
What total % of energy used was supplied by fossil fuels?
85%
List greatest to least % of energy used in us that was supplied…
petroleum
natural gas
coal
nuclear
biomass
hydroelectric
other
what are the fossil fuels
coal petroleum natural gas
coal petroleum and natural gas as called…
fossil fuels
how are fossil fuels are formed
fossil fuels are formed from the decay of ancient plant and animal life millions of years ago under pressure and heat
When fossil fuels are burned a combustion reaction occurs. Explain what happens in this combustion reaction.
the combustion releases carbon and hydrogen atoms into the air which combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
If you burn equal amounts of natural gas, petroleum and coal, what produces the most thermal energy (list)
natural gas
petroleum (close second)
coal
Where does natural gas petroleum and coal come from?
natural gas and petroleum: ocean (plant and animal)
coal: swamp (plant)
Petroleum is a ___ liquid formed from the decay of ancient organisms, such as microscopic ___ and ___
flammable
plankton
algae
petroleum is a mixture of ___. most of these are ___
thousands of chemical compounds
hydrocarbons
There are many different hydrocarbons found in petroleum that can be separated by a process called ___
fractional distillation
Explain how fractional distillation works to separate the different compounds in petroleum
petroleum is heated in a tower
compounds with lower boiling points rise to the top of the tower as vapor to be collected
compounds with higher boiling points remain liquid and are drained from the bottom of the tower
products made from petroleum:
motor oil
grease
cosmetics
medicines
plastics
synthetic fabrics
wax-based products
asphalt
What is the only difference between the chemical processes that produces petroleum and natural gas?
to form natural gas there must be more pressure and heat
natural gas is a ___ composed mostly of the gas ___ but also contains other gaseous hydro carbons such as ___ and ___
fossil fuel
methane (CH4)
propane
butane
natural gas contains ___ chemical potential energy per kilogram than coal or petroleum, but when burned it produces ___ pollution than coal or petroleum (more/less)
more
less
can cars and busses be powered by natural gas
yes
what is the main use of natural
cooking and heating
In the first half of the 20th century, most houses were heated by…
the combustion of coal
the main use of coal today is
to be burned at power plants to make electricity
coal formed as ___, buried beneath sediments, decayed and compacted into___. Over millions of years, ___ and ___ converted ___ in to coal
swampy plant material
peat
heat and pressure
peat
what is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world
coal
petroleum is also called___
crude oil
list from most to least what % of electricity is produced
coal
nuclear power
natural gas
hydroelectric
crude oil
other
fossil fuels account for about __% of electricity productions in the US
70
Fossil fuel power plants are about __% at producing energy
35
draw a flowchart to describe the parts/process in which a fossil fuel power plant burns the fossil fuel to produce energy
fossil fuels burn and create thermal energy
thermal energy heats water and creates h2o steam that is piped into a turbine
turbine spins
magnets spin which causes electrons to move
generator spins
electricity is produced
List two substances that are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned
carbon dioxide and small particles
mercury (hg) and sulfur oxide
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide
CO2
Many scientists believe that the increase in ___ in the atmosphere has contributed to global warming
carbon dioxide
since fossil fuels are used quicker than they can be produced fossil fuels are termed as ___ energy resources
non renewable
Which section increased and decreased in energy consumption from 2011 to 2021
industrial increased
commercial decreased
Describe the change in trends of us energy consumption
natural gas and renewable energy increased
coal and petroleum decreased
Did the total % of energy used supplied by fossil fuels increase or decrease over the years
decrease
Describe the change in trends of us electricity by source
decrease in coal
increase in natural gas
How efficient is natural gas burning?
How efficient is coal burning?
50%
30%
natural gas power plants produce __% less carbon than coal power plants
60
some___ power plants are used as back for when…
natural gas
you can’t use solar or wind energy
which starts up faster natural gas plants or coal plants
natural gas plants
what does coal burning put in the air
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Mercury (Hg)
Sulfur Oxide (SOx)
carbon dioxide in the air causes…
global warming
greenhouse effect
what do transformers do
increase or decrease the voltage
which produces more energy: nuclear fusion or nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
how does nuclear fusion produce energy
combines nuclei
how does nuclear fission produce energy
splits nuclei
Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission both make ___ into energy
mass
What uses nuclear fusion and what uses nuclear fission
sun uses nuclear fusion
nuclear power plants use nuclear fission
what are the reactants in nuclear fusion
hydrogen atoms
millions degrees celcius
what are the reactants in nuclear fission
U-235
1 neutron
what are the products of nuclear fusion
energy
helium and 1 neutron (by products)
what are the products of nuclear fission
energy
kryton barium and 3 neutrons (by products)
What is the most famous formula
E= mc^2
describe nuclear fusion
hydrogen atoms
What do control rods do?
control the power of a nuclear reactor by absorbing gnuetrons
