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IPS > Chapter 8 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

The burning of fossil fuels converts ___ potential energy into ___ energy, which is then converted into other useful forms like electricity or heat for homes

A

chemical
thermal

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2
Q

to use energy means to….

A

transform energy from one form to another

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3
Q

List greatest to least % of energy used

A

industry
transportation
residential
commercial

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4
Q

What total % of energy used was supplied by fossil fuels?

A

85%

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5
Q

List greatest to least % of energy used in us that was supplied…

A

petroleum
natural gas
coal
nuclear
biomass
hydroelectric
other

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6
Q

what are the fossil fuels

A

coal petroleum natural gas

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7
Q

coal petroleum and natural gas as called…

A

fossil fuels

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8
Q

how are fossil fuels are formed

A

fossil fuels are formed from the decay of ancient plant and animal life millions of years ago under pressure and heat

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9
Q

When fossil fuels are burned a combustion reaction occurs. Explain what happens in this combustion reaction.

A

the combustion releases carbon and hydrogen atoms into the air which combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

If you burn equal amounts of natural gas, petroleum and coal, what produces the most thermal energy (list)

A

natural gas
petroleum (close second)
coal

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11
Q

Where does natural gas petroleum and coal come from?

A

natural gas and petroleum: ocean (plant and animal)
coal: swamp (plant)

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12
Q

Petroleum is a ___ liquid formed from the decay of ancient organisms, such as microscopic ___ and ___

A

flammable
plankton
algae

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13
Q

petroleum is a mixture of ___. most of these are ___

A

thousands of chemical compounds
hydrocarbons

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14
Q

There are many different hydrocarbons found in petroleum that can be separated by a process called ___

A

fractional distillation

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15
Q

Explain how fractional distillation works to separate the different compounds in petroleum

A

petroleum is heated in a tower
compounds with lower boiling points rise to the top of the tower as vapor to be collected
compounds with higher boiling points remain liquid and are drained from the bottom of the tower

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16
Q

products made from petroleum:

A

motor oil
grease
cosmetics
medicines
plastics
synthetic fabrics
wax-based products
asphalt

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17
Q

What is the only difference between the chemical processes that produces petroleum and natural gas?

A

to form natural gas there must be more pressure and heat

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18
Q

natural gas is a ___ composed mostly of the gas ___ but also contains other gaseous hydro carbons such as ___ and ___

A

fossil fuel
methane (CH4)
propane
butane

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19
Q

natural gas contains ___ chemical potential energy per kilogram than coal or petroleum, but when burned it produces ___ pollution than coal or petroleum (more/less)

A

more
less

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20
Q

can cars and busses be powered by natural gas

A

yes

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21
Q

what is the main use of natural

A

cooking and heating

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22
Q

In the first half of the 20th century, most houses were heated by…

A

the combustion of coal

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23
Q

the main use of coal today is

A

to be burned at power plants to make electricity

24
Q

coal formed as ___, buried beneath sediments, decayed and compacted into___. Over millions of years, ___ and ___ converted ___ in to coal

A

swampy plant material
peat
heat and pressure
peat

25
Q

what is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world

A

coal

26
Q

petroleum is also called___

A

crude oil

27
Q

list from most to least what % of electricity is produced

A

coal
nuclear power
natural gas
hydroelectric
crude oil
other

28
Q

fossil fuels account for about __% of electricity productions in the US

A

70

29
Q

Fossil fuel power plants are about __% at producing energy

A

35

30
Q

draw a flowchart to describe the parts/process in which a fossil fuel power plant burns the fossil fuel to produce energy

A

fossil fuels burn and create thermal energy
thermal energy heats water and creates h2o steam that is piped into a turbine
turbine spins
magnets spin which causes electrons to move
generator spins
electricity is produced

31
Q

List two substances that are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned

A

carbon dioxide and small particles
mercury (hg) and sulfur oxide

32
Q

What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide

A

CO2

33
Q

Many scientists believe that the increase in ___ in the atmosphere has contributed to global warming

A

carbon dioxide

34
Q

since fossil fuels are used quicker than they can be produced fossil fuels are termed as ___ energy resources

A

non renewable

35
Q

Which section increased and decreased in energy consumption from 2011 to 2021

A

industrial increased
commercial decreased

36
Q

Describe the change in trends of us energy consumption

A

natural gas and renewable energy increased
coal and petroleum decreased

37
Q

Did the total % of energy used supplied by fossil fuels increase or decrease over the years

A

decrease

38
Q

Describe the change in trends of us electricity by source

A

decrease in coal
increase in natural gas

39
Q

How efficient is natural gas burning?
How efficient is coal burning?

A

50%
30%

40
Q

natural gas power plants produce __% less carbon than coal power plants

A

60

41
Q

some___ power plants are used as back for when…

A

natural gas
you can’t use solar or wind energy

42
Q

which starts up faster natural gas plants or coal plants

A

natural gas plants

43
Q

what does coal burning put in the air

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Mercury (Hg)
Sulfur Oxide (SOx)

44
Q

carbon dioxide in the air causes…

A

global warming
greenhouse effect

45
Q

what do transformers do

A

increase or decrease the voltage

46
Q

which produces more energy: nuclear fusion or nuclear fission

A

nuclear fusion

47
Q

how does nuclear fusion produce energy

A

combines nuclei

48
Q

how does nuclear fission produce energy

A

splits nuclei

49
Q

Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission both make ___ into energy

A

mass

50
Q

What uses nuclear fusion and what uses nuclear fission

A

sun uses nuclear fusion
nuclear power plants use nuclear fission

51
Q

what are the reactants in nuclear fusion

A

hydrogen atoms
millions degrees celcius

52
Q

what are the reactants in nuclear fission

A

U-235
1 neutron

53
Q

what are the products of nuclear fusion

A

energy
helium and 1 neutron (by products)

54
Q

what are the products of nuclear fission

A

energy
kryton barium and 3 neutrons (by products)

55
Q

What is the most famous formula

A

E= mc^2

56
Q

describe nuclear fusion

A

hydrogen atoms

57
Q

What do control rods do?

A

control the power of a nuclear reactor by absorbing gnuetrons

IPS (21 decks)

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