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IPS > Chapter 9 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What causes waves?

A

something that vibrates

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2
Q

waves ____ energy

A

carry
transmit

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3
Q

waves carry ___ but not ___

A

energy
the matter with the wave

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4
Q

what are the 2 types of waves

A

compressional
transverse

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5
Q

do all waves need a medium to transfer energy

A

no

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6
Q

what is the main example of a longitudinal/compressional wave

A

sound wave

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7
Q

examples of transverse waves

A

water, radio, micro, infrared, light, uv, x, gamma

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8
Q

what happens in reflection?

A

wave strikes an object then the wave bounces off the object

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9
Q

What types of waves can be reflected?

A

all

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10
Q

What must happen in order to see reflection?

A

light waves must reflect off an object and those waves must enter your eye

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11
Q

What is the reflection of sound waves called?

A

echoes

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12
Q

what is the law of reflection

A

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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13
Q

When does a wave bend?

A

refraction and defraction

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14
Q

what happens in refraction? why?

A

the wave bends
because of a change in the waves speed when it goes from one type of medium to another at an angle

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15
Q

___ waves can be refracted

A

all

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16
Q

the ___ the rate of speed change of the wave, the ___ the wave refracts

A

greater
more

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17
Q

when a wave enters a medium and slows down, the wave will refract ___ the normal line

A

toward

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18
Q

when a wave enters a medium and the wave goes faster, the wave will refract ___ the normal line

A

away from

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19
Q

what happens in diffraction

A

a wave bends around a barrier or through an opening

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20
Q

___ waves can be diffracted

A

all

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21
Q

short wavelengths diffract ___

A

less

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22
Q

long wavelengths diffract ___

A

more

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23
Q

the amount of diffraction depends on…

A

the size of a waves wavelengths
the size of the barrier or opening the wave encounters

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24
Q

sound waves have ___ wavelengths

A

long

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25
Q

light waves have ___ wavelengths

A

short

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26
Q

AM radio waves have ___ wavelengths

A

longer

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27
Q

FM radio waves have ___ wavelengths

A

shorter

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28
Q

What happens in wave interference

A

two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave

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29
Q

Can two waves be in the exact same place at the same time? Why or why not?

A

yes because they are energy not matter - this is what causes the interference

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30
Q

What are the two types of interference

A

constructive
destructive

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31
Q

what is constructive interference?

A

when crests and troughs of two or more waves meet and combine forming a new wave

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32
Q

what is destructive interference?

A

the crests and troughs of two or more waves meet oppositely of one another and cancel out part or all of the waves forming a new wave

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33
Q

short wavelengths refract ___

A

more

34
Q

long wavelengths refract ___

A

less

35
Q

___ diffraction occurs if the wavelength is smaller than the object

A

less

36
Q

___ diffraction occurs if the wavelength is the same size as the object

A

more

37
Q

the amount of diffraction that occurs depends on…

A

how big the obstacle or opening is compared to the wavelength

38
Q

why can you hear the soundwaves from a classroom while down the hall but not see the lightwaves

A

the wavelengths of soundwaves are similar in size to a door opening
sound waves diffract around the door and spread out the hallway
light waves have a much shorter wavelength
they are hardly diffracted at all by the door

39
Q

__ radio reception is often better than __ reception around tall buildings and natural barriers such as hills

A

AM
FM

40
Q

What is natural frequency?

A

the frequency at which a material vibrates

41
Q

What three factors affect an object’s natural frequency?

A

size
shape
type of material the object is made of

42
Q

what is resonance

A

the process where an object vibrates because it absorbs the energy of another wave at the object’s natural frequency

43
Q

What is the wave velocity formula

A

v = λ x f

44
Q

What is the unit for velocity

A

m/s

45
Q

What is the unit for frequency

A

hertz (Hz)

46
Q

What is the unit for wavelength

A

m

47
Q

What is the unit for the period of the wave

A

s

48
Q

what are seismic waves

A

waves inside earth that cause the crust to move, bend, or break

49
Q

___ waves can be longitudinal or transverse

A

water, seismic

50
Q

where can seismic waves travel

A

through earth or along earth’s surface

51
Q

how can waves differ

A

how much energy they can carry
how fast they travel

52
Q

what do the properties of a wave depend on

A

the vibrations of the wave source
the material in which the wave travels

53
Q

What do wave properties affect

A

how we see objects or hear sounds

54
Q

do all waves have wavelengths

A

yes

55
Q

what is a wavelength

A

the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point just like it

56
Q

what is the symbol for wavelength

A

the greek letter lambda: λ

57
Q

what are you doing when you tune a radio to a certain station

A

choosing radio waves of a certain frequency

58
Q

what is frequency

A

the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point each second
(the number of times that a point on a wave moves up or down/ back and forth each second)

59
Q

1Hz = __

A

1/s

60
Q

what is period

A

the amount of time it takes one wavelength to pass a fixed point

61
Q

frequency and period are always ___

A

inversely proportional

62
Q

when a waves frequency increases the period of the wave ___

A

decreases

63
Q

if frequency increases the wavelength will ___

A

decrease

64
Q

which waves travel faster: light or sound

A

light

65
Q

What does the speed of a wave depend on

A

the type of medium the wave is traveling through

66
Q

sound waves travel fastest in ___, slowest in ___

A

solids
gases

67
Q

sound tends to go faster in a medium at a ___ temperature

A

higher

68
Q

Light waves travel fastest in ___ and slowest in ____

A

vacuum
solids

69
Q

what is the unit for wave speed

A

m/s

70
Q

the greater the amplitude of a wave, the ___ energy the wave will carry

A

more

71
Q

the amplitude of a wave measures the…

A

size of the disturbance from a wave

72
Q

What affects the speed of longitudinal and transverse waves?

A

state of matter
temperature of matter
type of medium

73
Q

How does the frequency of a wave affect the period of a wave?

A

they are inversely proportional

74
Q

How will the frequency of a wave affect the wavelength of a wave

A

they are inversely proportional
as frequency decreases wavelength increases

75
Q

How does the velocity of a wave affect the frequency of a wave

A

they are directly proportional

76
Q

Three main notes about waves

A

waves carry energy
waves carry the energy but not the matter with it
all waves are caused by something vibrating

77
Q

The material through which a wave travels is called a ___

A

medium

78
Q

why do waves not go on forever?

A

energy will change forms

79
Q

If the amplitude of a wave changes, which also changes?

A

the energy the wave carries

80
Q

The process by which sound waves transfer their energy is called _____

A

conduction

IPS (21 decks)

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