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ips > Chapter 16 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry is the study of _____, _____,_____, and _____

A

matter
the matter’s composition
the matter’s properties
how the matter reacts with other matter

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2
Q

matter is..

A

anything that has mass and volume

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3
Q

all ___ is composed of atoms

A

matter, living or non-living

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4
Q

short or abbreviated name of an element

A

chemical symbols

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5
Q

What does silvers symbol derive from

A

argentum

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6
Q

what is an atom

A

the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element

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7
Q

_____ make up elements

A

atoms

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8
Q

until _____ no one had ever seen at atom because there was not a microscope strong enough to see one

A

1981

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9
Q

how long has the existence of atoms been known for

A

2000 years

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10
Q

atoms have a _____ containing _____, and _____ that surround the _____ that contain _____

A

central nucleus
protons and neutrons
energy levels
nucleus
electrons

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11
Q

what are protons neutrons and electrons sometimes referred to as

A

subatomic particles

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12
Q

protons have a _____ charge

A

positive

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13
Q

neutrons have a _____ charge

A

neutral

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14
Q

electrons have a _____ charge

A

negative

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15
Q

compare the sizes of protons, neutrons, and electrons

A

protons and neutrons are about the same size
electrons have 1800 times less mass

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16
Q

what makes up protons and neutrons

A

quarks

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17
Q

_____ are very small particles that compose protons and neutrons

A

quarks

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18
Q

how many quarks are there

A

6

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19
Q

what are the 6 quarks

A

up
down
bottom
top
charm
strange

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20
Q

What is the unit used to measure the mass of an atom

A

amu - atomic mass unit

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21
Q

the mass of a single proton or neutron is

A

about one amu

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22
Q

the ___ of an element is the number of protons an element has in its nucleus

A

atomic number

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23
Q

the ___ of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons an element has in it s nucleus

A

mass number

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24
Q

mass number is also known as…

A

atomic mass number, atomic mass

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25
Q

___ are atoms of the same element but different mass number

A

isotopes

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26
Q

why do elements have isotopes

A

some elements of the same kind can have different numbers of neutrons in them

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27
Q

the ___ of an element is the weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element based on natural abundances

A

average atomic mass

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28
Q

what does periodic mean

A

repeated pattern

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29
Q

When was the first periodic table created

A

late 1800’s

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30
Q

What was the original arrangement of the periodic table based on

A

atomic mass

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31
Q

who created the original periodic table

A

a russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev

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32
Q

The modern day periodic table of elements is arranged by increasing ___ not ___

A

atomic number
atomic mass

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33
Q

Who arranged the modern day periodic table

A

English scientist Henry G.J. Moseley

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34
Q

When was the modern day periodic table arranged

A

1913

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35
Q

elements on the periodic table are organized based on…

A

similarities in their physical and chemical properties

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36
Q

What are periods

A

horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-7

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37
Q

each element in a row has the same…

A

number of energy levels around its nucleus

38
Q

what are energy levels

A

shells

39
Q

vertical columns of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-18

A

groups

40
Q

which direction do groups go in

A

vertical

41
Q

groups are numbered __-__

A

1-18

42
Q

horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-7

A

periods

43
Q

which direction do periods go in

A

horozontal

44
Q

periods are numbered __-__

A

1-7

45
Q

groups are also called ___ because…

A

families
elements in each column have similar properites

46
Q

every element in the same column has the same…

A

number of electrons in the atom’s outermost energy lebel

47
Q

electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called

A

valence electrons

48
Q

the number of valence electrons an atom has determines…

A

the chemical properties of each element

49
Q

What is group 1?

A

alkali metals

50
Q

What is group 2?

A

Alkaline earth metals

51
Q

what are groups 3-12?

A

transition metals

52
Q

What is group 17?

A

halogens

53
Q

What is groups 18?

A

Noble gases, Inert gases, Rare gases

54
Q

Atoms are usually ___ because

A

neutral, they do not have an overall charge

55
Q

Where are electrons found

A

outside the nucleus in an area called the electron cloud

56
Q

How many electrons can the 1st shell hold

A

1-2(2)

57
Q

How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold

A

1-8 (8)

58
Q

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

A

1-8 18 (18)

59
Q

How many electrons can the 4th shell hold

A

1-8 18 32 (32)

60
Q

How many electrons can the 5th shell hold

A

1-8 18 32 (32)

61
Q

How many electrons can the 6th shell hold

A

1-8 18 32 (32)

62
Q

How many electrons can the 7th shell hold

A

1-8 18 32 (32)

63
Q

What are valence electrons

A

electrons found in the outer shell of an atom

64
Q

What does the roman numeral tell you

A

how many valence electrons an atom has

65
Q

What color is the symbol when the element is a gas at room temperature

A

red

66
Q

What color is the symbol when the element is a liquid at room temperature

A

blue

67
Q

What color is the symbol when the element is a solid at room temperature

A

black

68
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there and what are the other elements called

A

90, synthetic

69
Q

What are elements that are man made in a lab called

A

synthetic

70
Q

can you find synthetic elements in nature

A

no

71
Q

can you find synthetic elements in nature

A

no

72
Q

What is an atom that doesn’t have a charge clalled

A

a neutral atom

73
Q

What is a charged atom called

A

ion

74
Q

What makes an atom stable

A

its outer energy level is full of electrons

75
Q

do stable atoms react under noraml conditions

A

no

76
Q

all atoms want to be ___

A

stable

77
Q

which atoms are already stable

A

group 18 elements

78
Q

isotopes are atoms of the same element but contain ___

A

different numbers of neutrons

79
Q

What is a substance

A

a type of matter with a fixed composition

80
Q

___ and ___ are substances

A

elements and compounds

81
Q

all substances are built from ___

A

atoms

82
Q

what is an element

A

a group of like atoms bonded together

83
Q

elements are ___ that cannot be ___ or ___ by physical or chemical means

A

pure substances, separated, broken down into simpler substances

84
Q

how many naturally occuring elements are there

A

90

85
Q

how is the periodic table arranged

A

by atomic number

86
Q

elements that have similar characteristics are found in the same __ or what is called ___

A

column, group or family

87
Q

What is a compound

A

a substance with 2 or more different atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio

88
Q

example of compund

A

h20

89
Q

What is a molecule

A

2 or more atoms combined

90
Q

all compounds are ___ but not all ___ are compounds

A

molecules

91
Q

isotopes of different elements may have different __

A

properties

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