Chapter 16 Quiz Flashcards
chemistry is the study of _____, _____,_____, and _____
matter
the matter’s composition
the matter’s properties
how the matter reacts with other matter
matter is..
anything that has mass and volume
all ___ is composed of atoms
matter, living or non-living
short or abbreviated name of an element
chemical symbols
What does silvers symbol derive from
argentum
what is an atom
the smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element
_____ make up elements
atoms
until _____ no one had ever seen at atom because there was not a microscope strong enough to see one
1981
how long has the existence of atoms been known for
2000 years
atoms have a _____ containing _____, and _____ that surround the _____ that contain _____
central nucleus
protons and neutrons
energy levels
nucleus
electrons
what are protons neutrons and electrons sometimes referred to as
subatomic particles
protons have a _____ charge
positive
neutrons have a _____ charge
neutral
electrons have a _____ charge
negative
compare the sizes of protons, neutrons, and electrons
protons and neutrons are about the same size
electrons have 1800 times less mass
what makes up protons and neutrons
quarks
_____ are very small particles that compose protons and neutrons
quarks
how many quarks are there
6
what are the 6 quarks
up
down
bottom
top
charm
strange
What is the unit used to measure the mass of an atom
amu - atomic mass unit
the mass of a single proton or neutron is
about one amu
the ___ of an element is the number of protons an element has in its nucleus
atomic number
the ___ of an element is the sum of protons and neutrons an element has in it s nucleus
mass number
mass number is also known as…
atomic mass number, atomic mass
___ are atoms of the same element but different mass number
isotopes
why do elements have isotopes
some elements of the same kind can have different numbers of neutrons in them
the ___ of an element is the weighted average mass of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element based on natural abundances
average atomic mass
what does periodic mean
repeated pattern
When was the first periodic table created
late 1800’s
What was the original arrangement of the periodic table based on
atomic mass
who created the original periodic table
a russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev
The modern day periodic table of elements is arranged by increasing ___ not ___
atomic number
atomic mass
Who arranged the modern day periodic table
English scientist Henry G.J. Moseley
When was the modern day periodic table arranged
1913
elements on the periodic table are organized based on…
similarities in their physical and chemical properties
What are periods
horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-7
each element in a row has the same…
number of energy levels around its nucleus
what are energy levels
shells
vertical columns of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-18
groups
which direction do groups go in
vertical
groups are numbered __-__
1-18
horizontal rows of elements on the periodic table numbered 1-7
periods
which direction do periods go in
horozontal
periods are numbered __-__
1-7
groups are also called ___ because…
families
elements in each column have similar properites
every element in the same column has the same…
number of electrons in the atom’s outermost energy lebel
electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called
valence electrons
the number of valence electrons an atom has determines…
the chemical properties of each element
What is group 1?
alkali metals
What is group 2?
Alkaline earth metals
what are groups 3-12?
transition metals
What is group 17?
halogens
What is groups 18?
Noble gases, Inert gases, Rare gases
Atoms are usually ___ because
neutral, they do not have an overall charge
Where are electrons found
outside the nucleus in an area called the electron cloud
How many electrons can the 1st shell hold
1-2(2)
How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold
1-8 (8)
How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold
1-8 18 (18)
How many electrons can the 4th shell hold
1-8 18 32 (32)
How many electrons can the 5th shell hold
1-8 18 32 (32)
How many electrons can the 6th shell hold
1-8 18 32 (32)
How many electrons can the 7th shell hold
1-8 18 32 (32)
What are valence electrons
electrons found in the outer shell of an atom
What does the roman numeral tell you
how many valence electrons an atom has
What color is the symbol when the element is a gas at room temperature
red
What color is the symbol when the element is a liquid at room temperature
blue
What color is the symbol when the element is a solid at room temperature
black
How many naturally occurring elements are there and what are the other elements called
90, synthetic
What are elements that are man made in a lab called
synthetic
can you find synthetic elements in nature
no
can you find synthetic elements in nature
no
What is an atom that doesn’t have a charge clalled
a neutral atom
What is a charged atom called
ion
What makes an atom stable
its outer energy level is full of electrons
do stable atoms react under noraml conditions
no
all atoms want to be ___
stable
which atoms are already stable
group 18 elements
isotopes are atoms of the same element but contain ___
different numbers of neutrons
What is a substance
a type of matter with a fixed composition
___ and ___ are substances
elements and compounds
all substances are built from ___
atoms
what is an element
a group of like atoms bonded together
elements are ___ that cannot be ___ or ___ by physical or chemical means
pure substances, separated, broken down into simpler substances
how many naturally occuring elements are there
90
how is the periodic table arranged
by atomic number
elements that have similar characteristics are found in the same __ or what is called ___
column, group or family
What is a compound
a substance with 2 or more different atoms bonded together in a fixed ratio
example of compund
h20
What is a molecule
2 or more atoms combined
all compounds are ___ but not all ___ are compounds
molecules
isotopes of different elements may have different __
properties
