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IPS > Chapter 4 Section 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Machines make doing work easier or faster by changing the _____ needed to do the work

A

force

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2
Q

Work is a _____ applied through a _____
or
the _____ transferred when a _____ makes an object _____

A

force
distance
energy
force
move

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3
Q

what is the formula for work

A

W = F x d

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4
Q

What is the unit used to measure work?

A

joules ( J )

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5
Q

For you or a force to do work, 3 conditions must be met:

A
  1. you have to be physically touching the object
  2. the object must move
  3. the movement of the object must be in direction of the force
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6
Q

What always occurs when work is done?

A

a transfer of energy

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7
Q

When you do work on an object, you increase the objects _______ because _______

A

energy
you gave the object your own energy (Transfer)

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8
Q

When are you doing work on an object?

A

when you are physically touching the object applying force

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9
Q

what happens if the object keeps moving after you apply force

A

you are no longer doing work on the object because you are no longer touching the object

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10
Q

When the force and motion of the object are ______ the maximum amount of work is being done

A

parallel

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11
Q

When the force and motion of the object are ______ then no work is being done

A

perpendicular

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12
Q

when the force and motion of the object are ______ less than maximum (partial) work is being done

A

at an angle

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13
Q

a machine is a device that _____ or _____

A

changes the force
increases the motion from work

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14
Q

A simple machine is a machine that does _____ with only _____

A

work
one movement of the machine

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15
Q

What are the six simple machines

A

lever
pulley
wheel and axel
inclined plane
wedge
screw

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16
Q

What are the modified levers and inclined planes

A

levers: pulley, wheel and axel
inclined planes: wedge, screw

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17
Q

A compound machine is a combination of _____

A

two or more simple machine

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18
Q

Efficiency is the ratio of _____ to _____

A

output work to input work

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19
Q

No machine can increase both _____ and _____ at the same time

A

force
speed

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20
Q

You always put more _____ into a machine than you get out of that machine

A

work

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21
Q

No machine is 100% efficient because of _____

A

friction

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22
Q

what is the formula for efficiency

A

EFF = Wout/Win x 100

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23
Q

An _____ is a theoretical machine in which the amount of work put into the machine (Win) is equal to the amount of work you get out of the machine (Wout)

A

ideal machine

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24
Q

Why do ideal machines not exist

A

friction

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25
Q

Machines _____ the speed of getting work done

A

increase

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26
Q

Machines multiply/increase _____

A

force

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27
Q

Machines change the _____ of the force

A

direction

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28
Q

Do machines always multiply/increase force

A

no

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29
Q

We can describe the effectiveness of a machine by increasing _____ by its mechanical advantage

A

force

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30
Q

Input force is the force that…

A

a person or device such as a motor applies to the machine

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31
Q

Output force is the force that…

A

the machine applies to another object

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32
Q

What is the formula for mechanical advantage

A

MA = Fout/Fin

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33
Q

If mechanical advantage is less than 1 then input force is ______ and the machine is _____ at making work easier

A

greater than the output force
not good

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34
Q

If mechanicla advantage is greater than 1 the machines output force is _____. So…

A

greater than the input force
this would be a better machine at making work easier

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35
Q

Most simple machines make work easier by what is called a _____

A

Force-DIstance tradeoff

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36
Q

Force-DIstance tradeoff is when you _____ on the machine/object for a ______ to do the work needed. The force you put on the machine/object is ______ but ______

A

apply a force
longer distance
multiplied by the machine
only moves a small distance

37
Q

A lever is a _____ that is free to pivot or turn around a ______

A

bar
fixed point

38
Q

The fixed point the lever pivots on is the _____

A

fulcrum

39
Q

Input arm of a lever is the distance from _____

A

the fulcrum to the point the input force is applied

40
Q

Output arm is the distance from ______

A

the fulcrum to the output force

41
Q

What is the IMA formula for a lever

A

IMA = Lin/Lout

42
Q

The difference between the 3 classes of levers is the _____

A

location of the fulcrum, the input force, and the output force

43
Q

In a first class lever the _____ is located in the middle

A

fulcrum

44
Q

In a second class lever the _____ is located in the middle

A

output

45
Q

In a third class lever the _____ is located in the middle

A

input

46
Q

In a first class lever the output force is always…

A

in the opposite direction to the input force

47
Q

What is an example of a first class lever?

A

seesaw

48
Q

In a second class lever, the output force is always…

A

greater than the input force

49
Q

What is an example of a second class lever?

A

wheelbarrel

50
Q

In a third class lever the output force is always…

A

less than the input force

51
Q

What is an example of a third class lever?

A

broom
anything you swing
(bat, golf club)

52
Q

What type of lever is a car door

A

2nd

53
Q

What were the first discovered simple machines

A

lever pulley screw

54
Q

what was the last discovered simple machine

A

inclined plane

55
Q

Who said “With a big enough lever and a place to rest it, a person could move the world”

A

Archimedes

56
Q

A pulley is a ______ with a rope, cable, or chain running along the groove that is used to ______

A

grooved wheel
lift objects

57
Q

A fixed pulley changes ______ of input force but does not _____ input force

A

direction
increase

58
Q

A fixed pulley is a ______ lever

A

modified first class

59
Q

Movable pulleys ______ input force

A

increase

60
Q

A pulley in which one end of the rope is fixed and the wheel can move is what kind of pulley

A

movable pulley

61
Q

A pulley that is attached to something that does not move is what kind of pulley

A

fixed pulley

62
Q

A system of pulleys consisting of fixed and movable pulleys is what kind of pulley

A

block and tackle

63
Q

What is the IMA of a fixed pulley

A

1

64
Q

What is the IMA of a movable pulley

A

2

65
Q

What is the IMA of a block and tackle

A

the number of rope segments supporting the weight

66
Q

What is the IMA formula for a wheel and axel

A

IMA = rw/ra

67
Q

a wheel and tackle is a simple machine consisting of a _____ attached to the _____ of a larger wheel so that the wheel and axle rotate together

A

shaft or axle
center

68
Q

What is the fin and fout of a wheel and axle

A

fin: wheel
fout: axle

69
Q

What is an example of a wheel and axle

A

door knob
steering wheel

70
Q

What is the IMA formula for an inclined plane

A

IMA = l/h
( length of slope/height of slope)

71
Q

An inclined plane is a sloping surface that _____ required to _____

A

reduces the amount of force
do work

72
Q

What is an example of an inclined plane

A

wheelchair ramp
bike ramp

73
Q

A screw is a ______ wrapped in a _____ around a cylindrical post

A

an inclined plane
spiral

74
Q

What makes the IMA of a screw larger

A

when the threads are closer together

75
Q

What are examples of a screw

A

screw, umbrella drill thing

76
Q

What is the IMA formula for a wedge

A

IMA = l/w

77
Q

A wedge is an ______ with 2 _____ sides

A

inclined plane
sloping

78
Q

A wedge changes _____ of the input force

A

the direction

79
Q

What is an example of a wedge

A

blade of knife, head of axe, end of scissors

80
Q

why do we use machines

A

to make work easier

81
Q

How do you make work easier

A

force-distance tradeoff

82
Q

What do simple machines do

A

increase your force
change direction of your force

83
Q

Machines make work easier or ______ by changing the ______ needed to do work

A

faster
force

84
Q

Can machines increase the amount of work done

A

no

85
Q

Fout can also be callled

A

load

86
Q

Fin can also be called

A

effort

87
Q

Can a machine increase your input force

A

yes

88
Q

What are the 2 reasons why a machine is not 100% effective

A

friction
Any time energy changes forms efficiency is lost

89
Q

What are the three ways machines are useful

A

changes direction of force
increases force
makes work faster

IPS (21 decks)

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