Chapters 2 and 3 Test Flashcards
_____ occurs when an object changes in position
motion
Position depends on _____
reference frame of reference points
What is a reference frame
group of objects that are not moving relative to eachother
What is a reference point
point where you base an an objects position
_____ is the distance and direction of an object’s final position from its initial position
displacement
_____ is the distance an object travels per unit of time
speed
What is the formula for speed
s = d / t
What i s the SI standard unit for speed
m / s
What is instantaneous speed
speed at a single instance of time
What is constant speed
speed that does not change
What is average speed
the total distance an object moves over the total period of time
What does a straight diagonal line mean on a distance-time graph?
that the object is traveling at a constant speed
What does a horizontal line mean on a distance-time graph?
that the object is at rest
_____ is the speed of an object and the object’s direction
velocity
The velocity of an object changes as the _____ or _____ of the object changes
speed or direction
Velocity is different from speed because…
it includes direction
What is the standard SI unit for velocity
m/s (direction)
What is the formula for velocity
v = d/t (direction)
Motion is relative - what does this mean?
what are you comparing your motion to
_____ is a property of a moving object that depends on the object’s mass and velocity
Momentum
What is the formula for momentum?
p=m x v
What is the standard SI unit for momentum?
Kg x m/s direction
_____ is the change of velocity of an object over time
Acceleration
What is the formula for acceleration?
v.f - v.i
a = ———-
t
What is the standard SI unit for acceleration?
m/s^2 direction
What does centripetal imply?
something moving in a curved or circular way
What is centripetal acceleration?
Centripetal acceleration is acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path
What is a projectile?
A projectile is any object moving through the air
_=d/t direction
velocity (v)
_=mxv direction
momentum (p)
_=d/t
speed formula (s)
. v.f - v.i
_ = ———- direction
t
acceleration (a)
What is the triangle that helps us remember formulas
. / d \
______
/ s | t \
What is the force formula
F = m x a
force = mass x acceleration
What is the standard SI unit for force
Newton (N)
What must be the units in a force formula
Kg x m/s^2
What must be the units in a force formula
Kg x m/s^2
What makes a N (Newton)
Kg x m/s^2
What is the weight formula
W = m x g
What is the standard SI unit for weight
Newton (N)
What unit does the mass have to be in a weight formula
Kg
What is the difference between weight and mass
weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object’s mass whereas mass is the amount of matter in an object
Δv = g x t
What is the formula to find chance in velocity of a falling object due to gravity
Acceleration of an object due to gravity is called
g
What is the g of earth
g = 9.8 m/s^2
- only true in a vacuum here on earth
d = 1/2 g x t^2
formula to determine the distance a falling object will travel due to gravity free from air resistance
_____ is the highest velocity a falling object will reach
terminal velocity
What are the three factors that affect whether or not an object will reach terminal velocity
the height at which object is dropped
mass of object
surface area of object
Terminal velocity can only occur if…
the object is falling due to gravity
When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, what happens to the net force?
it reaches zero
Describe what is happening with the gravitational force, air resistance, and the velocity of an object that has reached terminal velocity
the gravitational force and the air resistance are equal and the velocity will become constant
Will all falling objects reach terminal velocity?
no
What are the four factors that affect the amount of friction between the surfaces of objects
type of material object is made of
roughness of the surfaces in contact
amount of force applied pushing 2 surfaces together
amount of surface area in contact
What are the four fundamental forces, what do they do, and what are the strongest and weakest
- strong nuclear force - holds nucleus together
- electromagnetic force - force between charge particles
- weak nuclear force - force that decays neutron to a proton
- gravity - force between two objects
What is the difference between static sliding and rolling friction
static friction is pushing on an object but the object does not move whereas sliding friction is pushing on an object but the object moves because the sliding friction and applied forces are unbalanced
sliding friction is when a wheel rolls over a surface
What are the two factors that affect the amount of air resistance acting on an object
the amount of surface area (size and shape)
velocity of the object
What is and give an example the law of conservation of momentum
When a moving object collides with another object the momentum of the original object will give some or all of its momentum to the second object
- playing pool
If a force is put on an object, will the object move?
the object will move if the net force is grater than 0N
Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces
balanced: equal in size opposite in direction
unbalanced: not equal in all directions
Describe the net force of Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces
balanced: net force of 0N
unbalanced: net force greater than 0
Describe the motion of Balanced forces vs unbalanced forces
balanced: no change in motion
unbalanced: will cause a change in motion
______ is the sum of all forces acting on an object
net force
What are the two factors that determine how much gravitational force will be exerted between objects
mass
distance
When you throw an object, what two factors determine the acceleration of that object
mass
force acting on object
Why does a wall have more inertia than a pencil
the wall has more mass
Newtons 1st Law can be remembered by
inertia
Newtons 2nd Law can be remembered by
F = m x a
Newtons 3rd Law can be remembered by
Law of Conservation of Motion
force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a surface sliding on another surface
sliding friction
distance and direction of an object from its starting point
displacment
force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces in contact
friction
vector speed and direction of motion
velocity
speed of an object at a specific point in time
instantaneous speed
Acceleration occurs when an object’s _____ changes
velocity
force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a surface sliding on another surface
sliding friction
the combined force on an object
net force
