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IPS > Chapter 5 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter

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2
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by a fluid due to differences in the fluid’s density

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3
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves such as light and microwaves

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4
Q

What is temperature?

A

Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles/atoms in an object or matter

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5
Q

What is heat?

A

Heat is the energy that is transferred between objects/areas due to temperature differences between those objects/areas

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6
Q

What is specific heat?

A

Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 Kg of a substance by
1°C

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7
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Thermal energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in an object.

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8
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

Thermodynamics is the study of thermal energy, heat, and work

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9
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

Thermal expansion is when an objects temperature increases, its volume increases as well

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10
Q

The Kinetic theory of matter is an explanation of…

A

how atoms in matter move/act/behave

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11
Q

Conductors are materials in which…

A

electrons can move freely

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12
Q

an insulator is a material in which _____ and _____ are _____

A

electrons and thermal energy
not able to move easily

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13
Q

Density is…

A

the mass per unit volume of an object

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14
Q

Thermal equilibrium is when 2 or more areas or objects come in contact with one another, ___ will always … until both objects…

A

-energy
-be transferred from the object with the higher temperature to the object with the lower temperature
-both objects reach the same temperature

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15
Q

Mass is the _____ in an object

A

amount of matter

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16
Q

A fluid is any substance in which its _____ can _____ and therefore, _____

A

particles
move past one another
change their shape

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17
Q

Viscosity is…

A

a fluid’s resistance to flowing

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18
Q

R-value is the _____ of the material at…

A

effectiveness
stopping the flow of heat

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19
Q

Matter is anything that _____ and _____

A

takes up space and has mass

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20
Q

Absolute zero is a ___ temperature at which…

A

theoretical
all particle/atomic motion in matter would stop

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21
Q

A heat engine is a device that converts some _____ into _____

A

thermal energy
mechanical energy

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22
Q

What are the specific heats?
water:
wood:
sand:
carbon:
iron:

A

water: 4,200 J / Kg x °C
wood: 1,700J / Kg x °C
sand: 830 J / Kg x °C
carbon: 710 J / Kg x °C
iron: 450 J / Kg x °C

23
Q

What is the change in thermal energy formula?

A

Q = m (Tf - Ti) C

24
Q

What are the three parts of the kinetic theory of matter?

A

1) all matter is composed of small particles called atoms
2) the atoms in matter are in constant, random motion
3) the atoms in matter are colliding into one another transferring energy

25
Q

What is the 1st Law of Thermodynamics?

A

mechanical energy will be constant but if energy changes work must be done on the system or energy must be added to the system

26
Q

What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

This law deals with entropy, saying that energy over time will change forms and become less useful. This law also states that energy will spontaneously spread from an area of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations which causes an increase in entropy.

27
Q

What is the 3rd Law of Thermodynamics?

A

absolute zero
the slowing of particle motion as this theoretical temperature is reached
Entropy is decreased

28
Q

What is the 0th Law of Thermodynamics?

A

This law deals with thermal equilibrium, saying that if a 3rd object is introduced to 2 other objects already at thermal equilibrium the 3rd object will reach thermal equilibrium with the other 2 objects.

29
Q

What is the difference between an isolated and non-isolated system?

A

isolated: no energy transfers between that system and its surroundings
non-isolated: does have energy transferred between the system and its surroundings

30
Q

What are the three ways thermal energy is transferred?

A

conduction
convection
radiation

31
Q

What are the 4 types of heating systems?

A

forced-air
radiators
electric
solar

32
Q

How do forced-air heating systems work?

A

furnace heats air that is then sent through ducts and out vents

33
Q

How do radiators work?

A

a boiler heats water which makes steam
piped to radiators in rooms

34
Q

How do electric heating systems work?

A

electricity heats metal coils
coils heat air that is then blown out by a fan

35
Q

How do solar heating systems work?

A
36
Q

What is the efficiency of heat engines?

A

25%

37
Q

What happens in the first stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

A

intake
intake valve opens
piston moves downward and draws a gasoline air mixture down into the cylinder

38
Q

What happens in the second stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

A

compression
the intake valve closes
piston moves upward compressing the fuel air mixture

39
Q

What happens in the third stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

A

power
spark plug ignites fuel air mixture
as the mixture burns the hot air gases expand pushing the piston down

40
Q

What happens in the fourth stroke of a 4-stroke cycle engine?

A

exhaust
as the piston moves up, the exhaust valve opens
and the hot gasses are pushed out of the cylinder

41
Q

How does a refrigerator work?

A
  • liquid coolant goes through expansion valve where
    the coolant decreases in pressure and temperature
  • coolant absorbs thermal energy from inside
    refrigerator while going through evaporator coils
    and becomes a gas
  • It then enters the compressor and becomes
    compressed causing the pressure and temperature
    to increase
  • coolant goes through the condenser coils where
    the gas releases thermal energy into the
    environment causing the coolant to return to a
    liquid state
42
Q

What energy conversions happen in heat engines?

A

chemical
thermal
mechanical

43
Q

What is the difference between conduction, convection, and radiation?

A

conduction and convection need matter, radiation does not
convection transfers matter and energy but, conduction only transfers energy

44
Q

_____ means rapid burning

A

active combustion

45
Q

a heat pump is a _____

A

two way heat mover

46
Q

a device on a building that absorbs radiant energy from the sun is _____

A

solar collector

47
Q

to measure specific heat, use a _____

A

calorimeter

48
Q

the most common state of matter in the universe is _____

A

plasma

49
Q

What is the difference between an internal combustion engine and an external combustion engine?

A

an internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine
an external combustion engine burns fuel outside the engine

50
Q

What is the temperature of the boiling point of water?

A

212°F 100°C 373K

51
Q

What is the temperature of human body temperature?

A

98.6°F 37°C 310K

52
Q

What is the temperature of room temperature?

A

68-72°F 20-22°C 293-295K

53
Q

What is the temperature of the freezing point of water?

A

32°F 0°C 273K

IPS (21 decks)

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