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IPS > Chapter 4 Sections 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Sections 2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

energy is the ability to…

A

cause change/ do work

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2
Q

a system is anything around which you can ______

A

imagine a boundary

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3
Q

What happens when one system does work on another system

A

energy is transferred from the 1st to the 2nd

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4
Q

What are the 4 different forms of energy (2 extra)

A

chemical
mechanical
electrical
radiant
(sound)
(thermal)

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5
Q

what is chemical energy

A

anything that can produce energy

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6
Q

what is mechanical energy

A

something moving

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7
Q

what is radiant energy

A

light

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8
Q

is energy from the sun and energy from the food you eat the same

A

yes but different forms

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9
Q

kinetic energy is the energy due to _____

A

motion

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10
Q

what is the formula and unit for kinetic energy

A

KE = 1/2 m v^2
joules

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11
Q

what are the 2 variables you must know to calculate kinetic energy

A

mass
velocity

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12
Q

potential energy is energy that is _____ due to the …

A

stored
interactions between objects

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13
Q

other names for potential energy

A

stored energy
energy at rest
energy of position

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14
Q

elastic potential energy is the energy that is _____ by _____ an object

A

stored
compressing or stretching

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15
Q

chemical potential energy is energy that is due to _____

A

chemical bonds

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16
Q

gasoline and the food you eat have stored energy, where is this stored energy?

A

chemical bonds between atoms

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17
Q

gravitational potential energy is energy of _____ and _____

A

position
mass

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18
Q

what is the formula for gravitational potential energy

A

GPE = m g h

19
Q

what three variables must you know to calculate GPE

A

mass
gravity
height (above ground)

20
Q

can a system have kinetic energy and potential energy at the same time

A

yes
if something in the system is moving

21
Q

The different molecules that make up the air in a room have, on average, the same kinetic energy. How does the speed of the different molecules that make up the air depend on their masses?

A

in order for their KE to be equal, the smaller molecules (less mass) must travel faster than the larger molecules (more mass)

22
Q

the law of conservation of energy states that energy…

A

cannot be created or destroyed, but energy can change into other forms

23
Q

mechanical energy is the…

A

sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the objects in a system

24
Q

What is the formula for mechanical energy

A

ME = KE + PE

25
Q

when an apple falls from a tree what does it lose and what does it gain

A

gravitational potential force
kinetic energy

26
Q

mechanical energy includes what kind of energy

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

27
Q

can potential energy be converted into kinetic energy

A

yes

28
Q

if some potential energy in a system is converted to kinetic energy, would the amount of mechanical energy remain the same

A

yes

29
Q

if mechanical energy is conserved, why does a person on a swing en=ventually come to a stop?

A

the energy from the swinging gets transferred due to friction
ex. into sound

30
Q

a lightbulb is a device that transforms _____ energy into _____ energy

A

electrical
radiant

31
Q

fuel stores energy in the form of _____ potential energy

A

chemical

32
Q

a car engine transforms chemical potential energy into _____ energy and then into _____ energy.
also _____ energy

A

thermal
mechanical
sound

33
Q

every green plant converts _____ energy into _____ energy

A

radiant
chemical potential

34
Q

power is the rate at which…

A

energy is converted

35
Q

energy from food is often measured in

A

calories

36
Q

every gram of fat you eat supplies the body with about __ calories

A

10

37
Q

every gram of protein you eat supplies the body with about __ calories

A

5

38
Q

every gram of carbohydrate you eat supplies the body with about __ calories

A

5

39
Q

what is the formula for power

A

P = E/t or w/t (Joule/second)

40
Q

the standard unit used to measure power is the _____

A

watt (W)

41
Q

What are the other units for power and when are they used

A

British thermal units (Btu): energy of heater, hot water heater, or AC
horsepower (HP): the power an engine produces

42
Q

1Btu = _____ watts

A

1055

43
Q

1 HP = _____ watts

A

746

IPS (21 decks)

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