Ionic Bonding & Compounds Flashcards
What are ions?
Ions = charged particles, can be single atoms (e.g. NA+) , to groups of atoms (e.g. NO-3)
Do negative ions gain/lose electrons to form an atom.
Anions gain elections (more electrons than protons)
Do positive ions gain/lose electrons to form an atom.
Cations lose electrons(more ptotons than electrons)
Which Groups are Metals
1,2,3
Which Groups are Non-Metals
5,6,7
What does the Group number tell you about an atom
number of electrons on the outermost shell
What does the Period number tell you about an atom
Number of electron shells
Ionic compounds are made up of what?
Metal + non-metal
Positively charged and negatively charged
Are metals positively or negatively charged?
positively
- loose electrons
Are non-metals positively or negatively charged?
negatively
- gain electrons
Definition of ionic bond
The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
What structure is an ionic compound in
Giant Lattice Structure
Does ionic bonds have a high or low melting and boiling points and why?
High:
- strong ionic bonds
- electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions are very strong
- require a lot of energy to break
- higher the charge, the stronger the bond
Are ionic compounds conductors?
- Not electrical conductors when solid
-
Are Conductors when molten + in solution
-LATTIC BREAKS DOWN AND DELOCALISED IONS can MOVE
Do ionic compounds dissolve
Yes - this breaks the lattic (e.g. sodium chloride)
Are Ionic Substances easy to break?
Yes:
Brittle
- if substance is struck a blow, a layer of IONS will slip to the next position along
- attractions becomes REPULSION
What happens when a metal and non-metal react together ?
- metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion
- non-metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion
- oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic attractions
What are the structure of ions held in a 3D lattice structure and why?
- closely packed
- due to attraction between oppositely charged ions
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
- the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions are very strong
- lots of energy needed to break this strong attraction**
Are ionisch compounds conductors?
no when in a solid form
YES when melted or dissolved