Ionic Bonding & Compounds

Question 1

What are ions?

Answer 1

Ions = charged particles, can be single atoms (e.g. NA+) , to groups of atoms (e.g. NO-3)

Question 2

Do negative ions gain/lose electrons to form an atom.

Answer 2

Anions gain elections (more electrons than protons)

Question 3

Do positive ions gain/lose electrons to form an atom.

Answer 3

Cations lose electrons(more ptotons than electrons)

Question 4

Which Groups are Metals

Answer 4

1,2,3

Question 5

Which Groups are Non-Metals

Answer 5

5,6,7

Question 6

What does the Group number tell you about an atom

Answer 6

number of electrons on the outermost shell

Question 7

What does the Period number tell you about an atom

Answer 7

Number of electron shells

Question 8

Ionic compounds are made up of what?

Answer 8

Metal + non-metal
Positively charged and negatively charged

Question 9

Are metals positively or negatively charged?

Answer 9

positively
- loose electrons

Question 10

Are non-metals positively or negatively charged?

Answer 10

negatively
- gain electrons

Question 11

Definition of ionic bond

Answer 11

The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 12

What structure is an ionic compound in

Answer 12

Giant Lattice Structure

Question 13

Does ionic bonds have a high or low melting and boiling points and why?

Answer 13

High:
- strong ionic bonds
- electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions are very strong
- require a lot of energy to break
- higher the charge, the stronger the bond

Question 14

Are ionic compounds conductors?

Answer 14

• Not electrical conductors when solid
• Are Conductors when molten + in solution
  -LATTIC BREAKS DOWN AND DELOCALISED IONS can MOVE

Question 15

Do ionic compounds dissolve

Answer 15

Yes - this breaks the lattic (e.g. sodium chloride)

Question 16

Are Ionic Substances easy to break?

Answer 16

Yes:
Brittle
- if substance is struck a blow, a layer of IONS will slip to the next position along
- attractions becomes REPULSION

Question 17

What happens when a metal and non-metal react together ?

Answer 17

• metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion
• non-metal gains these electrons to form a negative ion
• oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic attractions

Question 18

What are the structure of ions held in a 3D lattice structure and why?

Answer 18

• closely packed
• due to attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 19

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 19

• the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions are very strong
• lots of energy needed to break this strong attraction**

Question 20

Are ionisch compounds conductors?

Answer 20

no when in a solid form
YES when melted or dissolved