Crude Oil

Question 1

What is crude oil made of?

Answer 1

mixture of substances, mostly hydrocarbons

Question 2

How are the different compounds separated in crude oil?

Answer 2

Fraction distillation

Question 3

Describe the fractional distillation process within crude oil

Answer 3

• crude oil heated until it vaporises
• vapour rises up the column until they reach a temperature just below their boiling point
• will condense, different molecules condense at different temperatures due to different boiling points
• column is cooler at the top and hottest at bottom
• longer chained molecules with higher boilings points collect at bottom/ shorter chained = lower boiling points
• bubble caps stop separated liquids running down and remixing

Question 4

Each fraction contains mixture of hydrocarbons with ………… …………….. ……….

Answer 4

Similar boiling points

Question 5

Each fraction may contain s……… or u………… hydrocarbons

Answer 5

Saturated
Untsaturated

Question 6

Saturated hydrocarbons -

Answer 6

Only contain single carbon bonds

Question 7

Unsaturated hydrocarbons -

Answer 7

Contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms

Question 8

What is the order fractioned substances from top to bottom

Answer 8

Refinery gases
Gasoline
Kerosine
Diesel
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 9

Uses of refinery gases:

Answer 9

Domestic cooking + heating

Question 10

Uses of Gasoline -

Answer 10

Fuels in cars

Question 11

Uses of Kerosene

Answer 11

Aircraft fuel

Question 12

Uses of Diesel

Answer 12

Fuel for Cars and larger vehicles, trains

Question 13

Uses of Fuel oil

Answer 13

Fuel for large ships + some power stations

Question 14

Uses of Bitumen

Answer 14

Surface roads and roofs