Ethanol Flashcards
what is ethene produced from
Crude oil
what does ethene react with to make ethanol
Steam (H2O)
what is a addition reaction
when the double bond of the alkene partially breaks when the reactant molecule attacks and adds on across it
what type of reaction is ethene and steam
addition reaction
what are the conditions needed for the reaction between ethene and steam to happen
- temperature = 300 degrees
- pressure = 60-70 atmospheres
- phosphoric acid used as a catalyst
how can ethanol also be produced
Fermentation
what is the molecular formula of the combustion of ethanol
C2H5OH + O2 –> 2CO2 + 3H2O
what is the molecular formula from glucose to ethanol
_____________(yeast)
C6 H12 O6 ————> 2C2 H5 OH + 2CO2
why is yeast a natural catalyst
yeast cell contain an enzyme which are natural occurring catalysts
what temperature does the fermentation mixture need to be around and why?
30 degrees - fermentation happens fastest at this temperature
why cant the temperature that the fermentation mixture be too high or too low
Too high:
- enzymes denature —> reaction would stop
Too low:
- reaction too slow
does the fermentation mixture need to be in anaerobic conditions for aerobic conditions
Anaerobic:
- oxygen converts the ethanol to ethanoic acid (which is found in vinegar)
what is the advantage of the reaction of sugar and yeast to produce ethanol compared to ethene and steam
Ethene + yeast : raw materials are all renewable resources
- Sugar is grown as a major crop
- Yeast is easy to grow
what are the disadvantages of fermentation
- Ethanol your get from fermentation isn’t very concentrated
- needs to be distilled to increase the strength
- Also needs to to be purified
what are the 3 uses for Ethanol
- Fuel : in cars where crude oil / petrol isn’t readily available
- a Solvent: as it can dissolve water based compounds and organic compounds e.g. in perfumes and disinfectants
- Alcoholic drinks
