Investing Flashcards

1
Q

insurance

A

Related topics: Insurance
in‧sur‧ance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns $ -ˈʃʊr-/ ●●● S2 W2 noun
1 [uncountable] an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damaged → assurance, third party insurance
Your father took out insurance to cover the mortgage.
health/car/travel etc insurance
insurance against
insurance against loss of income due to unemployment
insurance on/for
Do you have insurance on your house and its contents?
claim (for) something on your insurance (=get an insurance company to pay for something)
We can probably claim the damage on our insurance.
→ life insurance
2 [uncountable] the business of providing insurance
My brother works in insurance.
insurance company/group etc
the insurance industry
3 [uncountable] British English the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company SYN insurance premium
insurance on
How much is the insurance on your car?
4 [singular, uncountable] protection against something bad happening
insurance against
An extra lock on the door is an added insurance against burglars.
→ National Insurance
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + INSURANCE
health/medical insurance
None of her family have private health insurance.
travel insurance
Most banks are also able to arrange travel insurance.
car/motor insurance
He was fined for driving without motor insurance.
house/home insurance
The damage may be covered by your house insurance.
life insurance
Surprisingly few families have adequate life insurance.
accident insurance
You also get free travel accident insurance if you pay for your tickets with a credit card.
comprehensive insurance (=car insurance that pays for damage whether it is caused by you or by someone else)
The cost of comprehensive insurance is likely to drop.
third-party insurance (=insurance that pays money to someone who is hurt or whose property is damaged by something you have done)
You are legally obliged to take out third-party insurance.
INSURANCE + NOUN
an insurance policy (=an insurance agreement)
This insurance policy represents excellent value for money.
an insurance claim
She filed an insurance claim for the missing jewellery.
an insurance company
Rachel works for an insurance company.
an insurance broker (=a company or person that arranges and sells insurance to people)
Bellingham practised as an insurance broker.
an insurance scheme
The costs involved in private medical insurance schemes have risen steeply.
an insurance premium (=money that you pay regularly to an insurance company)
Your insurance premium is payable when you make your holiday booking.
an insurance payment
He’d fallen behind with his insurance payments.
an insurance certificate/a certificate of insurance
The courts recognize the insurance certificate as evidence of being insured.
insurance cover
The scheme provides full insurance cover for pre-existing medical conditions.
insurance fraud
Insurance fraud costs the industry millions of pounds each year.
an insurance salesman
He offered me a post as a life insurance salesman.
the insurance industry
The insurance industry is very competitive.
VERBS
have insurance (=have an insurance policy)
Do you have insurance on your yacht?
be covered by insurance (=be included in an insurance policy)
Flood damage isn’t covered by the insurance.
take out insurance (=buy an insurance policy)
We decided to take out insurance on the house and its contents.
get insurance informal:
I’m thinking of getting house insurance.
buy insurance
You can buy insurance against risks of all kinds.
claim something on your insurance (=get an insurance company to pay for something)
He claimed the money back on his travel insurance.
arrange insurance
A finance company will be able to arrange insurance for you.
sell insurance
The company sells insurance alongside its electrical products.
insurance covers something
The insurance covered the cost of rebuilding the house after the fire.
insurance pays for something
His insurance paid for the damage to the car.
Examples from the Corpus
insurance
• Many Americans cannot afford health insurance.
claim (for) something on your insurance
• And they can’t be claimed back on your insurance if it’s a false alarm.
insurance company/group etc
• The sale, which was expected, brings to a close a chapter that began when Xerox bought insurance company Crum.
• A few of the drugs are experimental and not covered by insurance companies.
• Mrs. Healey, comprehensively insured, would have had her legal expenses met by her insurance company.
• The insurance is normally placed with a well known national insurance company or a company approved by the landlord.
• Implausible though it may seem, insurance companies also provide a social service.
• I reckon even the insurance company will accept this one as a write-off.
• The insurance companies hid behind my old coats and baggy pants and my boots with the run-over heels.
• In the late 1950s, Wilshire boomed again, this time with insurance companies and banks.
From Longman Business Dictionary
in‧sur‧ance /ɪnˈʃʊərəns-ˈʃʊr-/ noun
1[countable, uncountable] an arrangement in which a company collects premiums (=regular payments) from a person or organization and in return agrees to pay them a sum of money if they are involved in an accident, have something stolen, or cause harm or injury to others. The four main classes of insurance are accident, life, fire, and marine insurance
Insurance is the only major financial service regulated by states, rather than the federal government.
insurance against
Insurance against stealing by employees is a multi-billion dollar expense.
The insurance covers you against injury to visitors while on your property.
The company has taken out insurance to indemnify its directors against liability when acting for the Group.
Can you claim on your household insurance if your bike is stolen?
When you want to insure something or take outinsurance (=arrange to have it), you contact an insurance company or an insurance broker who can sell you an insurance policy. If you are covered (=insured) against injury, theft, damage, etc. you can make a claim (=ask for payment from the insurance company) if something bad happens. A claimant is someone who does this. An adjuster or loss adjuster is the person whose job is to assess the value of loss or damage when someone has claimed on their insurance policy.
→ accident insurance
→ agreed-value insurance
→ all-risks insurance
→ annuity insurance
→ automobile insurance
→ aviation insurance
→ blanket insurance
→ block insurance
→ buildings and contents insurance
→ business interruption insurance
→ business liability insurance
→ business life and health insurance
→ car insurance
→ casualty insurance
→ comprehensive insurance
→ contingency insurance
→ credit insurance
→ declaration insurance
→ deposit insurance
→ disability insurance
→ double insurance
→ engineering insurance
→ export insurance
→ fidelity insurance
→ fire insurance
→ floating insurance
→ flood insurance
→ group insurance
→ health insurance
→ homeowner’s insurance
→ household insurance
→ income insurance
→ industrial injuries insurance
→ liability insurance
→ life insurance
→ marine insurance
→ medical insurance
→ mortgage protection insurance
→ motor insurance
→ national insurance
→ open insurance
→ property and liability insurance
→ social insurance
→ term insurance
→ third party, fire and theft insurance
→ travel insurance
→ unemployment insurance
→ valued insurance
→ whole-life insurance
2[uncountable] the money paid regularly to an insurance companySYNINSURANCE PREMIUM
We have paid home insurance for the last 25 years and have never made a claim.
3insurances [plural] shares in insurance companies
Mining stocks advanced and insurances also did well.

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2
Q

flexible

A

flexible
Word family (noun) flexibility ≠ inflexibility (adjective) flexible ≠ inflexible (adverb) flexibly ≠ inflexibly
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
flex‧i‧ble /ˈfleksəbəl/ ●●○ AWL adjective
1 a person, plan etc that is flexible can change or be changed easily to suit any new situation OPP inflexible
We can be flexible about your starting date.
extremely/highly/fairly etc flexible
Our new computer software is extremely flexible.
The government needs a more flexible approach to education.
2 something that is flexible can bend or be bent easily OPP rigid
shoes with flexible rubber soles
—flexibly adverb
Examples from the Corpus
flexible
• Designers have come up with a technique for making skis more flexible.
• I would rather be more flexible.
• One of the great joys of forum theatre is that it is extremely flexible.
• He said the key to his business success was not forgetting to stay flexible.
• My work schedule is fairly flexible.
• If you’re looking for a job you need to be flexible about where you’re prepared to work.
• The rules are deliberately left flexible as each case is different.
• In contrast, pragmatic parties hold more flexible goals and are oriented to moderate or incremental policy change.
• The better tennis racquets are made out of tough but extremely flexible graphite.
• The basic structure can be modified by introducing flexible groups in the chain and some examples are given in table 12.1.
• First, be flexible in just about all things.
• We need a flexible management system, able to meet the changing needs of our customers.
• Such projects require a creative environment and flexible plans with ample room for unforeseen delays.
• It’s made out of a tough but extremely flexible plastic.
• The Reserves will play an even more important role and we will introduce legislation to allow their more flexible use.
• Unions would like more flexible working hours to replace the nine-to-five, forty hour week.

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3
Q

fixed

A

ثابت، ماندنی، مقطوع
(Adjective) ثابت، مقطوع، ماندنی
- The plane’s wings are fixed.
- بال‌های هواپیما ثابت است.
- fixed prices
- قیمت‌های ثابت
- fixed purpose
- اراده‌ی استوار
- a fixed satelite
- ماهواره‌ی زمین ایستا
- a fixed idea
- فکر وسواس‌گونه
- She is comfortably fixed for life.
- زندگی او در کمال رفاه تا آخر عمر فراهم است.
- a fixed contest
- مسابقه‌ی تقلب‌آمیز1 [not before noun] firmly fastened to a particular position
fixed to/in/on
a mirror fixed to the bathroom wall
2 fixed times, amounts, meanings etc cannot be changed SYN set
The classes begin and end at fixed times.
fixed prices
My contract was for a fixed term of five years.
interest at 10%, fixed for 5 years
3 → have fixed ideas/opinions
4 → how are you fixed for sth?
5 a fixed smile, expression etc does not show any emotion or does not show how someone really feels
6 → be of/have no fixed abode/address
Examples from the Corpus
fixed
• Our health insurance pays a fixed amount for each type of treatment, regardless of what it actually costs.
• Fixed costs should be separated from variable costs when working out the annual accounts.
• The module header has a fixed format and must be added as a complete block.
• “I’m retired and on a fixed income.” Marson said. “I can’t handle this myself, financially.”
• The fixed interest rate means you know exactly your commitment each month, which saves problems with forecasting your cashflow.
• fixed interest rates
• Each contestant took a fixed number of dross leads from a box.
• A fixed number of tickets will be on sale the day of the show.
• The symbols must be used in a fixed order.
• The policeman told me there was a fixed penalty of $20 for driving without a rear light.
• Other advances for fixed periods are only repaid at the end of that period.
• If you’re looking for a fixed rate and a fixed term this is the account for you.
• a fixed-rate mortgage
• Workers are paid a fixed rate per hour.
• New closed prisons were built for convicted offenders serving long fixed sentences or life imprisonment for the most serious crimes.
• He also said senior ranks would be employed on fixed term contracts, and their pay would be performance related.
• The lessons began and ended at fixed times.
fixed to/in/on
• The colonic segments were fixed in Carnoy’s fixative and processed to paraffin.
• Alice, slightly pink, glanced at Auguste, and continued to avoid Alfred’s eyes which were fixed on her beseechingly.
• Yet such was the force of his personality that every eye was fixed on him.
• It is absurd to disagree about whether we should be fixed to the Deutschmark or not, while behaving as if we were.
• His eyes were permanently fixed on the pavement, as though he were searching for something.
• Their pool was oval-shaped and illuminated at night by carriage-lamps, fixed to the posts of the pergola which surrounded it.
• These commandments then became scrupulously fixed in the rites of the community.
• His face, faintly freckled, is rigid, his eyes fixed on the road.
From Longman Business Dictionary
fixed /fɪkst/ adjective
not movable or changeable
Consumers spend a fixed amount on books regardless of price changes.
The option of converting gold at a fixed price had been cancelled.
→ compare flexible

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4
Q

spread

A

spread1 /spred/ ●●● S2 W2 verb (past tense and past participle spread)
1 AFFECT MORE PEOPLE/PLACES [intransitive, transitive] if something spreads or is spread, it becomes larger or moves so that it affects more people or a larger area
spread through
Fire quickly spread through the building.
spread over
He watched the dark stain spread over the gray carpet.
spread among
The disease spread rapidly amongst the poor.
spread (from something) to something
The cancer had spread to her liver.
Revolution quickly spread from France to Italy.
2 INFORMATION/IDEAS
a) [intransitive] to become known about or used by more and more people
News of the explosion spread swiftly.
spread to/through/over etc
Buddhism spread to China from India.
The news spread like wildfire (=very quickly).
Word spread quickly that she was leaving.
b) [transitive] to tell a lot of people about something
Andy loves spreading rumours about his colleagues.
They are spreading the word about the benefits of immunization.

3 OPEN/ARRANGE (also spread out) [transitive] to open something out or arrange a group of things so that they cover a flat surface
spread something over/across/on something
Papers and photos were spread across the floor.
He spread the map out on the desk.
a table spread with a white cloth
4 THROUGHOUT AN AREA [intransitive] (also be spread, spread out) to cover or exist across a large area
spread over
the forest that spread over the whole of that region
spread throughout
The company has more than 2,500 shops spread throughout the UK.
5 SOFT SUBSTANCE [intransitive, transitive] to put a soft substance over a surface, or to be soft enough to be put over a surface
spread something on/over something
He spread plaster on the walls.
spread something with something
Spread the toast thinly with jam.
If you warm up the butter, it’ll spread more easily.
Spread the nut mixture evenly over the bottom.
6 ARMS/FINGERS ETC [transitive] if you spread your arms, fingers, or legs, you move them far apart
He shrugged and spread his hands.
7 OVER TIME [transitive] (also spread out) to do something over a period of time, rather than at one time
spread something over something
Could I spread the repayments over a longer period?
There will be 12 concerts spread throughout the summer.
8 SHARE [transitive] to share or divide something among several people or things
spread the load/burden
The bills are sent out on different dates to spread the workload on council staff.
They want the country’s wealth to be more evenly spread.
9 SMILE/LOOK [intransitive always + adverb/preposition] if an expression spreads over someone’s face, it slowly appears on their face
spread over/across
A slow smile spread over her face.
10 → spread your wings
11
a) be spread (too) thin/thinly if money, effort etc is spread thin, it is being used for many things so there is not enough for each thing
They complained that resources were spread too thinly.
b) spread yourself too thin to try to do too many things at the same time so that you do not do any of them effectively
12 → spread seeds/manure/fertilizer
→ spread your net wide
COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
NOUNS
a disease spreads/is spread (=among a group of people)
The disease is spread by mosquitoes.
a cancer/infection spreads (=in someone’s body)
The cancer had spread to his brain.
news/word spreads
As news of his death spread, his army disintegrated.
spread the news/the word
He has been spreading the word about ways to beat heart disease.
spread a story (also spread a rumour British English, spread a rumor American English)
When Brown’s hotel burned down, Clark spread the rumor that Forsyth was to blame.
a story spreads (also a rumour spreads British English, a rumor spreads American English)
It was the sort of story that would spread like wildfire.
spread lies/gossip
How dare you spread such vicious lies!
Has someone been spreading malicious gossip?
spread terror/panic
The murders were clearly intended to spread terror.
fire spreads (also flames spread)
The fire had spread to a nearby shed.
violence/fighting spreads
There is no indication that the violence is likely to spread.
somebody’s fame/reputation spreads
Their musical fame has spread far beyond their native country.
ADVERBS
spread rapidly/quickly
The fire spread rapidly, consuming many of the houses.
PHRASES
spread like wildfire (=spread extremely quickly)
The news spread like wildfire through the town.

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5
Q

integrated

A

یکپارچه، تلفیقی

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6
Q

variable

A

تغییر‌پذیر، متغیر، بی‌قرار، بی‌ثبات

  • variable expenses
  • هزینه‌های تغییرپذیر
  • variable climate
  • آب و هوای دگرسان‌پذیر
  • bound variable
  • وردای پابند، متغیر پابند
  • Nature is infinitely variable.
  • طبیعت تنوع بی‌حد‌و‌حصر دارد.
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7
Q

diversification

A

گوناکونی، تنوع
Related topics: Business basics, Economics
di‧ver‧si‧fy /daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪ $ dəˈvɜːr-, daɪ-/ ●○○ AWL verb (diversified, diversifying, diversifies)
1 [intransitive, transitive] if a business, company, country etc diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces
diversify (away) from
farmers forced to diversify away from their core business
diversify into
The company is planning to diversify into other mining activities.
We need to diversify the economy.
2 [intransitive, transitive] to change something or to make it change so that there is more variety
User requirements have diversified over the years.
3 [intransitive] technical to put money into several different types of investment instead of only one or two
diversify into
Spread the risk by diversifying into dollar bonds.
—diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən $ dəˌvɜːr-, daɪ-/ noun [uncountable]
diversification of the rural economy
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
diversify
• His company was not afraid to diversify.
• There are several reasons for diversifying.
• Why has language diversified from its ancient origins into more than 5,000 mutually unintelligible varieties?
• I believe we have a diversified government, a coalition or transition at this moment.
• We started out making cash registers, but have diversified into computer systems of all sorts.
• Most survived, changing the way they farmed and diversifying into new areas such as wine.
• Spreckels manufactures and distributes a diversified line of materials for lifting and positioning products.
• This is the rough distinction between non-media conglomerates with a media side-interest and, in contrast, media conglomerates that diversified outwards.
• As a singer, she began to diversify, performing songs in many languages.
• Most financial planners recommend that investors diversify their assets.
• The company is diversifying to find new sources of income.
diversify into
• In recent years Western Union has diversified into other communications businesses.
From Longman Business Dictionary
di‧ver‧si‧fy /daɪˈvɜːsəfaɪdəˈvɜːr-, daɪ-/ verb (past tense and past participle diversified) [intransitive]
1if a company or economy diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces
diversify into
Singapore has diversified into a wider range of industries.
diversify from
The UK Department of Energy is urging farmers to diversify from traditional crops and consider using land to grow wood for fuel.
2to start to put your money into different types of investments in addition to the investments you already have
Depositors in the eurocurrency markets sought to diversify into dollar bonds.
—diversification noun [countable, uncountable]
The company intends school software to be a major new area of diversification for their business.
a policy of gradual economic diversification away from fishing
Financial deregulation in Japan has led to increasing international diversification of investment portfolios.
The record company’s diversifications into sports clothing and perfumes has resulted in increased profitibility.
→ See Verb table

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8
Q

trend

A

گوناکونی، تنوع
(noun) flow, current
Synonyms: aim, bearing, bent, bias, course, direction, drift, inclination, leaning, movement, orientation, progression, run, swing, tendency, tenor, wind
(noun) style, fashion that is in favor
Synonyms: craze, cry, fad, furor, in-thing, latest thing, look, mode, newest wrinkle, rage, thing, vogue

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9
Q

peak

A

COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 1: the time when something or someone is best, greatest, highest, most successful etc
VERBS
be at its peak
The strawberry season is now at its peak.
be past your peak
By the next Olympics, she will be past her peak.
reach a peak (also hit a peak informal)
The traffic reaches a peak between 5 and 6 pm.
The company’s stock hit a peak of about $23.
fall from a peak
Visitor numbers have fallen from a peak of 1.8 million per year to under 1 million.
PHRASES
peaks and troughs (=high points and low points)
Sales went through a number of peaks and troughs in the last fiscal year.
COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 2:
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + PEAK
a mountain peak
All around are the spectacular mountain peaks of the Jungfrau region.
the highest peak
Mount McKinley is Alaska’s highest peak.
a snowy/snow-capped peak
The snow-capped peaks of the Sorondo mountain range provide a dramatic backdrop.
a jagged peak (=with several sharp points)
At first all I could see was the hazy black outline of a jagged peak.
a rocky peak
The Castle is situated on a rocky peak.
a distant peak
The mist cleared to reveal the distant peaks across the valley.
Examples from the Corpus

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10
Q

contingency

A

] احتمال، احتمال وقوع، چیزی که در آینده ممکن است رخ دهد، تصادفی، محتمل‌الوقوع
- We are prepared for any contingency.
- برای (مقابله با) هر گونه پیشامدی آماده‌ایم.
- a reserve fund for contingencies
- بودجه‌ی ذخیره برای رویدادهای پیش‌بینی نشده
- the contingencies of war
- هم رویدادهای (دوران) جنگ
con‧tin‧gen‧cy /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/ ●○○ noun (plural contingencies) [countable]
1 an event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that could cause problems
a contingency plan
Add up your outgoings, putting on a bit more for contingencies.
2 → contingency fee
Examples from the Corpus
contingency
• Firms need to include a contingency fund within the budget.
• City officials have implemented what they call Phase I of a contingency plan aimed at bringing pollution levels down.
• But order there is and Hughes could find it as statuses established by social requirements. and in what Hughes calls contingencies.
• A will should allow for contingencies.
• Supt Peter Durham from Newcastle city centre will address staff on how contingency plans can be properly arranged for Newcastle.
• Essentially they were informal contingency exchanges whose future character would be determined by perceptions of Soviet actions and intentions.
• It concluded that the private contingency plans between presidents and their vice presidents since Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon in 1957 are inadequate.
• The three A’s must be making some contingency plans.
• What must be changed are the contingencies which induce young people to behave in given ways towards their governments.
contingency plan
• Next, specific action may be agreed upon that is realistic and measurable with perhaps a contingency plan lined up too.
• Carter ordered the Pentagon to prepare a contingency plan for military action to rescue the hostages.
• Anticipating the possibility of such a crisis, G Group several months earlier had drawn up a contingency plan.
• Mike had talked about contingency plans for catastrophe, he continued.
• It had developed contingency plans before the incident and put them into effect when water in the mine began to overflow.
• Supt Peter Durham from Newcastle city centre will address staff on how contingency plans can be properly arranged for Newcastle.
• The Navajos have some contingency plans, however.

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11
Q

inheritance

A

Related topics: Finance, Microbes, genetics, biochem
in‧her‧i‧tance /ɪnˈherətəns/ ●○○ noun
1 [countable, uncountable] money, property etc that you receive from someone who has died
Lucinda has to fight for her life and her inheritance in this gripping novel.
2 [uncountable] physical or mental qualities that you inherit from your family
Our genetic inheritance cannot be changed.
3 [uncountable] ideas, skills, literature etc from the past that influence people in the present
ideas that have become part of our cultural inheritance
Examples from the Corpus
inheritance
• Garth doesn’t work; he just lives off his inheritance.
• our literary inheritance
From Longman Business Dictionary
in‧her‧i‧tance /ɪnˈherətəns/ noun [countable, uncountable]
money, property, or other things that become yours after someone has died
people who suddenly have large lump sums to invest, perhaps from an inheritance

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12
Q

mutual fund

A

شرکتی که به کار خرید سهام شرکت‌های دیگر مبادرت کند

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13
Q

portfolio

A

کیف کاغذ، کیف چرمی بزرگ، مقام، سهام

  • He received the portfolio of war.
  • به مقام وزارت جنگ رسید.
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14
Q

charity

A

صدقه، خیرات، نیکوکاری، مؤسسه‌ی خیریه
- The widow and her baby depended on the charity of their neighbors.
- بیوه زن و فرزند نوزاد او متکی به احسان همسایگان بودند.
- She had enough charity to forgive her husband’s killers.
- او آن قدر گذشت داشت که قاتلان شوهرش را بخشید.
- He left his belongings to local charities.
- او دارایی خود را برای سازمان‌های خیریه‌ی محلی به جای گذاشت.
char‧i‧ty /ˈtʃærəti/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun (plural charities)
1 [countable] an organization that gives money, goods, or help to people who are poor, sick etc → charitable
Several charities sent aid to the flood victims.
charity event/walk/concert etc (=an event organized to collect money for a charity)
► see thesaurus at organization
2 [uncountable] charity organizations in general
All the money raised by the concert will go to charity.
for charity
The children raised over £200 for charity.
3 [uncountable] money or gifts given to help people who are poor, sick etc
refugees living on charity
Her pride wouldn’t allow her to accept charity.
4 [uncountable] formal kindness or sympathy that you show towards other people
Mother Teresa’s works of charity
Newspaper reports showed him little charity.
5 → charity begins at home
COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2
VERBS
give something to charity
I like to give a small amount of what I earn to charity.
donate something to charity (=give something to charity)
She sold all her jewellery and donated the money to charity.
go to charity
Any profit that she makes from her writing goes to charity.
raise money/funds for charity
A huge amount is raised for charity by the festival.
support a charity (=give money to one)
Do you support any charities?
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + CHARITY
a local charity (=one that operates near the place where you live)
All the money raised goes to local charities.
an international charity (=one that operates all over the world)
The Red Cross is a well-known international charity.
a national charity (=one that operates throughout a country)
Help the Aged is a national charity representing older people.
a cancer charity (=one that raises money to treat or cure cancer)
The event raised thousands of pounds for a cancer charity.
CHARITY + NOUN
a charity shop (=one that gives the money it makes to a charity)
Give your old clothes to a charity shop.
a charity event (=one organized to collect money for a charity)
She spoke at a charity event in aid of famine relief.
a charity match/concert/show etc
The band appeared at a charity concert for free.
a charity worker (=someone who works for a charity, often without pay)
Charity workers say these reforms will not help the poor.
a charity appeal (=an act of asking people to give money to a charity)
The organization is launching a charity appeal for a new air ambulance.

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15
Q

divestment

A

Related topics: Finance
di‧vest‧ment /daɪˈvestmənt/ noun [countable, uncountable] technical
another word for disinvestment
Examples from the Corpus
divestment
• Now in vogue are divestment, MBOs, and break-up bids.
• But the appropriate remedies might be divestment, regulation, or removal of entry barriers rather than fines.
• Kobrin has studied no less than 511 acts of forced divestment involving 1,500 firms in 76 Third World countries from 1960 to 1976.
• It is hard to understate the importance of divestment in corporate strategy.
• All six companies undertake financial analysis of those companies in which they have an interest for competitive, acquisition or divestment purposes.
• The state expected to raise US$3,500 million from the divestment of its controlling shares to private operators.
• Then there is the question of how much the divestment will release for fund managers to manage.
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headstrong
very determined to do what you want, even when other people advise you not to do it
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16
Q

kickback

A

informal money that someone pays secretly and dishonestly in return for someone’s help SYN bribe
Examples from the Corpus
kickback
• He offered me $20,000 as a kickback if I’d push through a $500,000 loan.
• The Director said that administrators at her clinic accepted kickbacks from suppliers.
• He is on trial for allegedly accepting kickbacks from business.
• He and his partner were charged with taking $300,000 in kickbacks in exchange for their political influence.
• Top executives received millions of dollars in kickbacks.
• A cardiologist was offered kickbacks by a pacemaker manufacturer.
• The company paid kickbacks to local officials to win a contracts worth millions of dollars.

17
Q

capital gains

A

Related topics: Business basics
ˌcapital ˈgains noun [plural]
profits you make by selling your possessions
Examples from the Corpus
capital gains
• Instead, you can use your annual capital gains tax exemption-currently £7,200-to shelter the returns from the taxman.
• Income is not a big deal, with the average stock yielding only 2 percent, but capital gains can be trouble.
• It is quite likely that a future tax law will reinstitute favorable tax treatment for capital gains.
• The businessman will pay $ 56,000 in capital gains tax, leaving him with a negative after-tax return on investment.
• You do not invest in the equity market to make capital gains!
• The third was the abolition of capital gains tax on unit trust portfolios in 1980.
• Such techniques are not available to middle-class families with modest savings, or to small business owners holding long-term capital gains.
• In concept it was an equivalent to the capital gains tax which would have been levied had the building been sold.

18
Q

strategy

A

حیله، استراتژی
(Noun) رزم‌آرایی، استراتژی، فن تدابیر جنگی، فن لشکر‌کشی
strat‧e‧gy /ˈstrætɪdʒi/ ●●○ W3 AWL noun (plural strategies)
1 [countable] a planned series of actions for achieving something
the government’s long-term economic strategy
a company’s business strategy
strategy for doing something
a strategy for dealing with crime
strategy to do something
a strategy to attract younger audiences to jazz
► see thesaurus at method, plan, way
2 [countable, uncountable] the skill of planning the movements of armies in a war, or an example of this
military strategies
It is the general’s role to develop overall strategy.
3 [uncountable] skilful planning in general
The company must first resolve questions of strategy.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
an economic strategy
The government has changed its economic strategy.
a business strategy
This is a high-risk business strategy.
a marketing strategy
The firm is considering a change in its marketing strategy.
a political strategy
Baldwin’s political strategy was almost totally successful.
a coping strategy
Therapists can show a child new coping strategies.
a survival strategy
He says his father’s withdrawal was a survival strategy.
a successful/effective strategy
The most successful strategy is often the simplest one.
a clear/coherent strategy
It is important that the company has a clear strategy.
a high-risk strategy
The expansion plan is a high-risk strategy.
a long-term strategy
The closure of these branches is part of our long-term strategy.
VERBS
use a strategy (also employ a strategy formal)
What strategies do you use to deal with these problems?
adopt a strategy (=start to use it)
Both players adopted the same strategy.
devise/work out a strategy (also formulate a strategy formal)
We had to devise strategies for saving money.
develop a strategy
Groups can help members develop new coping strategies.
evolve a strategy
The creatures which live in the river have evolved strategies for surviving sudden floods.
pursue/follow a strategy (=do a particular planned series of actions)
They are pursuing different strategies.
implement a strategy formal (=do a series of actions that you or someone else has planned)
The firm faces several challenges as it seeks to implement that strategy.
a strategy works
The Government’s economic strategy was not working.