Buying and Selling Flashcards
good(s)
کالا، مال‌التجاره، اروس - the goods in the warehouse - کالاهای درون انبار (Plural) اموال منقول، متعلقات شخصی (Plural) پارچه - dress goods - پارچه‌های لباسی (Plural) (انگلیس) محموله، بار، مال، جنس - The goods arrived yesterday. - محموله دیروز رسید.
revenue
عایدی، منافع، بازده، درآمد، سود سهام
- annual revenue
- سود سالانه
- source of revenue
- منبع درآمد
Related topics: Business basics, Finance, Tax
rev‧e‧nue /ˈrevənjuː $ -nuː/ ●○○ AWL noun [uncountable] (also revenues [plural])
1 money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services → income
advertising revenue
Strikes have cost £20 million in lost revenues.
2 money that the government receives from tax
an increase in tax revenues of 8.4%
→ Inland Revenue, Internal Revenue Service
Examples from the Corpus
revenue
• Answer guide: Qualitative factors are not capable of being quantified in terms of costs and revenue.
• First, obviously, they expect to raise enough revenue to pay for their own activities.
• Nintendo’s estimated revenue totals $9 billion worldwide.
• The deal, which should be announced soon, calls for guaranteed revenue of at least $ 700,000 in 1996.
• The temptation to their crews to barter their duty free stores for sterling constituted a high revenue risk at times.
• There had been so much revenue in the mortgage department between 1981 and 1986 that costs were a trivial issue.
• But all these ideas mean a huge loss of revenue to the Treasury, in the hundreds of billions of dollars.
• Total revenue for the year was estimated at N68,730 million.
tax revenues
• Wholesalers and retailers in each state are howling about losing business and state revenue watchdogs are missing tax revenues.
From Longman Business Dictionary
rev‧e‧nue /ˈrevənjuː-nuː/ noun [uncountable]
1 (also revenues) money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services
The company has an annual revenue of about $8 million.
We earn about £3000 a month in advertising revenue.
a 10% fall in revenue from sales
→ average revenue
→ marginal revenue
2 (also revenues) money that a government receives from tax
a government plan to help boost revenue
The pensions are a good source of income tax revenue.
3the Revenue used to refer to the government organization in Britain that collects taxes
The Revenue will not regard a backlog of work as a reasonable excuse for the late delivery of a tax return.
→ see also inland revenue, internal revenue service
Origin revenue (1400-1500) French past particple of revenir “to return”
Exercises
More results revenue stamp average revenue Inland Revenue marginal revenue revenue tariff Internal Revenue Code HM Revenue and Customs See all results Pictures of the day What are these? Image of harmonica Image of tuba Click on the pictures to check. Explore topics Statistics Hard science Army Chemistry See all topics Word of the day distraught so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly
quote
) استناد، نقل‌قول، نقل کردن، از زبان کسی نقل کردن
- to quote Ferdowsi
- بازگویه کردن فردوسی
- He quoted two passages from the Bible.
- او دو قطعه از انجیل را نقل‌قول کرد.
- Don’t quote me on that.
- از زبان من نقل نکن، از من نشنیده بگیر.
- She is quoted as saying…
- ازش نقل می‌کنند که گفته است…، می‌گویند که گفته است…، نقل است که گفته است…
(Verb - transitive) نقل قول کردن، بازگویه کردن، واگویه کردن
- Please don’t quote what I said!
- لطفاً آنچه را که گفتم بازگو نکن!
(Verb - transitive) (بازرگانی) قیمت سهام (و غیره) را ذکر کردن، مظنه دادن
wholesale
عمده‌فروشی، به‌طور یکجا، عمده‌فروشی کردن
- wholesale prices
- قیمت‌های عمده‌فروشی
- a wholesale merchant
- تاجر عمده‌فروش
- wholesale criticism
- انتقاد گسترده
- the wholesale massacre of civilians
- کشتار همگانی غیر نظامیان
- They rejected our proposals wholesale.
- پیشنهادات ما را به کلی رد کردند.
- They killed off the mice by wholesale.
- موشها را یکجا کشتند.
auction
مزایده، حراج، حراج کردن، به مزایده گذاشتن
- put something up for auction
- چیزی را به حراج گذاشتن/چیزی را به مزایده گذاشتن
- to sell by auction
- حراج کردن، از طریق حراج فروختن
- she died and her furniture was auctioned.
- او مرد و اثاثیه‌اش حراج شد.
- government bonds will be put up to auction tomorrow.
- اسناد قرضه‌ی دولتی فردا به مزایده گذاشته می‌شود.
auc‧tion1 /ˈɔːkʃən $ ˈɒːk-/ ●○○ noun [countable, uncountable]
a public meeting where land, buildings, paintings etc are sold to the person who offers the most money for them
at auction
The house was sold at auction.
put something up for auction (=try to sell something at an auction)
This week 14 of his paintings were put up for auction.
auction house (=a company that arranges auctions)
Examples from the Corpus
auction
• An undeniable attraction of an auction is the possibility that some undervalued item may be for sale.
• How much do you think the painting would fetch at auction?
• Sometimes, the cars are bought at U.S. government or charity auctions.
• His first painting goes up for auction on Friday.
• There are even sections on architectural salvage, ethnic crafts and furnishings, auctions and markets.
• And all had been bought at a government auction.
• Bikes that have not been claimed by the owners will be sold at a public auction January 11.
• Much to William Pitt’s disgust Cator sold the bond by public auction to a solicitor called Yates.
• A judge has given class-action status to a suit against the auction giant.
• The buyer did not attend the auction, but sent a representative to place the bids.
auction house
• World Golf opened in mid-December in Sherman Oaks, in a brick building that once was an auction house.
• In addition to fashion, Bond Street is also renowned for its auction houses and for its fine art galleries.
• It’s the city’s largest auction house.
• Brodsky countered that the broadening of the auction houses’ public accountability could only help the market.
• The deeper problems in the art market have to do with the depredations of the auction houses.
• Particularly in New York, many of the auction houses look intimidating.
• The auction house had been assured by their legal advisors that the current owners of the work had legal entitlement.
• The auction houses photographic department phone is 212-606-7240.
• Since then Sotheby’s business has spread into less traditional auction house areas, including real estate.
auction2 (also auction off) verb [transitive]
to sell something at an auction
→ See Verb table
rebate
تخفیف
Related topics: Tax, Business
re‧bate /ˈriːbeɪt/ noun [countable]
an amount of money that is paid back to you when you have paid too much tax, rent etc
You may be entitled to a tax rebate.
Examples from the Corpus
rebate
• But the event clerk denied a rebate had been promised.
• Chrysler said it sold lots of minivans, trucks and Jeeps without resorting to big rebates.
• How is a local authority to react to thousands of claims for rebate?
• The Ford Citibank credit card offers a 5 percent rebate on the purchase of a new Ford car or truck.
• In the end I managed to claim a tax rebate.
• We were delighted to hear that we were entitled to a tax rebate of over £1000.
• The great corporate tax rebate mirrors the great corporate handout.
• Treasury sums said the rebate would be worth £4m, but would cost more to fix.
From Longman Business Dictionary
re‧bate1 /ˈriːbeɪt/ noun [countable]
1an amount of money that is paid back to you when you have paid too much
You may be entitled to a tax rebate.
1.6 million tenants claimed a rent rebate.
rebate on
You may get a rebate on your car insurance, if your car is off the road for at least 28 days.
2part of the price that is paid back to customers when they buy something
rebate on
Ford is offering a $2,000 rebate on this model.
re‧bate2 /rɪˈbeɪtrɪˈbeɪt, ˈriːbeɪt/ verb [transitive]
1to pay part of the price of something back to customers when they buy it. In some places it can be illegal to do this
rebate something to somebody
the agency’s practice of rebating to its clients part of the commission it receives from the sale of securities
—rebating noun [uncountable]
Insurance companies say rebating hurts insurers, agents, and ultimately consumers.
2to pay an amount of money back to someone when they have paid too much
rebate something to somebody
Council members want to rebate half the city’s $21 million surplus to taxpayers.
Origin rebate (1600-1700) rebate “to make a rebate” ((15-21 centuries)), from Old French rabattre “to beat down again”
Markup
افزایش نرخ اجناس
the act of increasing the price of something, for example in relation to its cost so as to make a profit, or the amount of this increase
A dealer’s markup for securities shouldn’t be greater than 5% above the prevailing market price.
gimmick
حیله
Related topics: Advertising & marketing
gim‧mick /ˈɡɪmɪk/ noun [countable] informal
a trick or something unusual that you do to make people notice someone or something – used to show disapproval → stunt
advertising gimmicks
—gimmicky adjective
—gimmickry noun [uncountable]
Examples from the Corpus
gimmick
• Threats to expropriate, always a gimmick to increase popularity, never materialised.
• Nope, Patricia Marvel says, in this town, you really have to have a gimmick.
• The business of selling shares at licensed dealers is often a gimmick which loses investors their hard-earned money.
• As courses proliferate, they promote themselves with ever more exotic gimmicks.
• The consequence is that the parties are driven to search for gimmicks.
• A great gimmick and I wish I’d thought of it.
• This movie has only one gimmick though, and after a while it begins to wear thin.
• The current program began in 1989 as a promotional gimmick expected to last six months.
From Longman Business Dictionary
gim‧mick /ˈgɪmɪk/ noun [countable] disapproving
a trick or object that makes you notice a product and want to buy it
It would be foolish to dismiss the videophone as nothing more than a gimmick.
—gimmicky adjective
a gimmicky new product for gadget-hungry consumers
a trick or device intended to attract attention, publicity, or business.
it is not so much a program to improve services as a gimmick to gain votes
bargain
چانه زدن
an agreement between two or more parties as to what each party will do for the other.
Related topics: Trade
bar‧gain1 /ˈbɑːɡɪn $ ˈbɑːr-/ ●●○ noun [countable]
1 something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price
There are no bargains in the clothes shops at the moment.
It’s an attractive little home, and I think it’s a bargain.
That second-hand table was a real bargain.
Good watches don’t come at bargain prices.
Bargain hunters (=people looking for things to buy at low prices) queued outside the store for hours.
2 an agreement, made between two people or groups, to do something in return for something else
make/strike a bargain
Management and unions have struck a bargain over wage increases.
I’ve kept my side of the bargain and I expect you to keep yours.
→ drive a hard bargain
3 → into the bargain
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
a real bargain
In the market you can sometimes pick up a real bargain.
an absolute bargain
£59.99 is an absolute bargain.
a brilliant/amazing bargain
The house they bought was an amazing bargain.
VERBS
look for/search for a bargain
She began looking for bargains at car boot sales.
get a bargain
Everyone likes to think they are getting a bargain.
find a bargain
Investors may be able to find some bargains this year.
pick up/snap up a bargain (=find one)
You can often pick up a bargain at an auction.
offer a bargain
The Regency hotel is offering off-season bargains.
BARGAIN + NOUN
a bargain price
In the sales you can get a fully fitted kitchen at a bargain price.
a bargain buy
This remains a bargain buy at £3.99.
a bargain hunter (=someone looking for a bargain)
Bargain hunters queued for hours before the store opened.
bargain hunting
They’re off to do some bargain hunting at the January sales.
a bargain basement (=part of a large shop below ground where the price of goods is reduced)
Everything is reduced to clear in the bargain basement!
economical
مقرون بصرفه
1 using money, time, goods etc carefully and without wasting any → economic
A small car is more economical to run.
good-quality clothes at economical prices
► see thesaurus at cheap
2 → economical with the truth
pessimistic#Optimistic
بدبین
expecting that bad thing will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result OPP optimistic
a pessimistic view of life
pessimistic about
He remains deeply pessimistic about the peace process.
—pessimistically /-kli/ adverb
THESAURUS
pessimistic expecting that bad things will happen, or that someone will be unsuccessful
He was pessimistic about the team’s chances of winning the championship.
a pessimistic view of human nature
downbeat having an attitude that is not hopeful and not expecting success, or not expecting the situation to improve, especially the economic or political situation
The overall mood in the stock market is decidedly downbeat.
The chairman made some downbeat remarks about the company’s sales performance.
His assessment of the UK’s economic prospects is generally downbeat.
gloomy not having much hope for the future
Environmental groups are gloomy about the future of our planet.
The article painted a gloomy picture of the human rights situation in Burma.
negative considering only the bad qualities of a situation, person etc, and not the good ones
His negative attitude towards work was affecting his colleagues.
Why are you always so negative?
fear the worst formal to expect a situation to have the worst possible result, because you know how bad the situation could be
I hadn’t heard any news from her for over a week, and I was starting to fear the worst.
somebody’s glass is half empty informal used about people who only see the bad qualities of a situation, even when other people might see better qualities in the same situation
He’s one of those people whose glass is always half empty.
innovative
خلاقانه
1 an innovative idea or way of doing something is new, different, and better than those that existed before
an innovative approach to language teaching
innovative schemes for recycling waste materials
► see thesaurus at new
2 using clever new ideas and methods
an innovative design team
Examples from the Corpus
innovative
• The idea for the programme ‘Big Brother’ was highly innovative.
• When it was first introduced, the electric car was described as one of the ten most innovative products of the year.
• The city has introduced an innovative system of traffic control.
• an innovative young man
innovative approach
• Both Johansson and Reddy reached their conclusions by using a simple, yet innovative approach.
• The innovative approach cost only a small amount more, with no increase in price to the customer.
• In Chapter Seven, we will discuss the innovative approach he and his colleagues followed.
• It means taking an innovative approach to business.
• To succeed in such an environment requires an innovative approach to business.
• Grammar Dictation offers an innovative approach to the study of grammar in the language classroom.
• A couple of early speeches suggested that he might marry innovative approaches with a commitment to U.S. leadership.
From Longman Business Dictionary
in‧nov‧at‧ive /ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv/ adjective
1an innovative product, method, process etc is new, different, and better than those that existed before
Kodak has developed some innovative products in electronic imaging.
We supply goods to customers who want innovative design.
an innovative approach to problem-solving
2using or developing new and original ideas and methods
VW became one of the West’s most innovative auto makers.
—innovatively adverb
innovatively designed and well-engineered cars
aggregate
تجمیع
Related topics: Industry
ag‧gre‧gate1 /ˈæɡrɪɡət/ AWL noun formal
1 [countable] the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together
aggregate of
The smaller minorities got an aggregate of 1,327 votes.
In the aggregate (=as a group or in total), women outlive men by 7 or more years.
on aggregate British English (=when the points from two football games are added together)
Manchester United won 2–1 on aggregate.
2 [singular, uncountable] technical sand or small stones that are used in making concrete
Examples from the Corpus
aggregate
• It imposed fines totalling £328,500 on 105 solicitors, compared with 76 solicitors fined an aggregate of £216,000 the year before.
• In quite dreadful weather conditions Cook put together rounds of 75-80-71-69 for an aggregate of 295.
• From this point of view society is an aggregate of such activities; social order is negotiated order.
• The business population Businesses constitute the second major aggregate of the private sector.
• From the combined results Thomas’s group estimated an average particle size of 100 for the copper metal aggregates.
• They lost one-nil at Swansea last night, but qualify three-one on aggregate.
• The above studies have attempted to assess the presence of circulating platelet aggregates.
• Water-based Stronghold smooth, and Stronghold textured masonry paint, reinforced with rock aggregate for extra durability.
aggregate of
• The company will spend an aggregate of $2 million on the product.
aggregate2 AWL adjective [only before noun] technical
being the total amount of something after all the figures or points have been added together
an increase in the aggregate production
Examples from the Corpus
aggregate
• And at that level of implementation, the aggregate benefits to the enterprise start to become very apparent.
• But what happens to the real wage rate following a fall in aggregate demand?
• It thus tackles head on the problem of excess or deficient aggregate demand.
• But the important thing is the aggregate evidence, which is very conclusive.
• aggregate income and investment
• Electronics accounted for 21 percent of aggregate manufacturing employment in 1991, against only 7 percent in 1981.
• Nevertheless there is one area in which the Keynesian model leaves much to be desired in its treatment of aggregate supply.
• What are the determinants of aggregate supply?
• When they go on sick leave, their aggregate take-home pay is actually higher than when they are on the job.
ag‧gre‧gate3 /ˈæɡrɪɡeɪt/ AWL verb formal
1 [linking verb] to be a particular amount when added together
Sheila’s earnings from all sources aggregated £100,000.
2 [intransitive, transitive] to put different amounts, pieces of information etc together to form a group or a total
aggregate with
A wife’s income is no longer aggregated with that of her husband.
Grammar
Aggregate is usually passive in this meaning, when used as a transitive verb.
—aggregation /ˌæɡrɪˈɡeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
aggregate
• Sheila’s earnings from all sources aggregated $100,000.
• Figures such as these are not particularly meaningful because the information is highly aggregated.
• We made estimates using the aggregated data.
• The data were then aggregated for the calendar year 1991. 2.
• They aggregate the demands of citizens and communicate these to government officials.
• Additionally, for the last five years a history is kept aggregating the number of days absence by type of absence.
• Individual scores were then aggregated to derive shift, department, division, and plant totals.
• This hierarchy provides the framework upon which textual units are dynamically aggregated to satisfy varying user requirements.
• Both power and wealth aggregate within the affluent class.
From Longman Business Dictionary
ag‧gre‧gate1 /ˈægrɪgət/ noun [countable]
1the total after a lot of different parts or figures have been added together
If workers seek greater increases in wages, they will in the aggregate (=in total) bring about higher inflation.
2 one of the measurements used when calculating the amount of money in an economy at a particular time
M2, the aggregate most closely tracked by the Federal Reserve Board
→ see also money supply
→ monetary aggregate
aggregate2 adjective [only before a noun]
total and combined
The conglomerate reported an aggregate loss of 1.2 billion Australian dollars.
Analysts expect aggregate earnings of the top 500 companies to be down 1%.
Origin aggregate2 (1400-1500) Latin past participle of aggregare “to add to”, from ad- “to” + grex “group of animals”
lucrative
Related topics: Business
lu‧cra‧tive /ˈluːkrətɪv/ ●○○ adjective
a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money SYN profitable
lucrative business/market/contract etc
He inherited a lucrative business from his father.
Examples from the Corpus
lucrative
• Only his progress to the second round of Wimbledon last year proved more lucrative.
• If form holds, the pros’ tips will be intriguing, well-researched and potentially lucrative.
• Catering is a very lucrative business if you succeed in it.
• Massive spamming has turned what was an amusing annoyance into a lucrative business that profits by violating the pre-commercial Internet ethic.
• Financial services is a lucrative business when one actually succeeds in organising the finance, endowment policies, term policies and so on.
• a lucrative business
• An increase in consumer demand has made sports shoe retailing a lucrative business.
• Mr Moore had recently discovered how lucrative preventive dentistry could be, and Mrs Moore was dressed accordingly.
• At $ 40 million a year, the printer advertising account is considered a lucrative prize and is being hotly contested.
• Sam’s journalistic work was much more lucrative than his painting had ever been.
• Johnston said the contract was exploitative and restrictive, with the financial arrangements much less lucrative than she’d expected.
• Transferred from Barcelona to Naples, Maradona signed a highly lucrative three-year contract.
• There is still an illegal but lucrative trade in ivory between Africa and South-East Asia.
lucrative business/market/contract etc
• They had received some excellent, lucrative contracts.
• They were chuffed when one of the majors offered her the lucrative contract.
• Consequently, Iridium will need to rely on more lucrative business customers than it had envisioned.
• It wants the money spent on public infrastructure, providing lucrative contracts for business.
• Massive spamming has turned what was an amusing annoyance into a lucrative business that profits by violating the pre-commercial Internet ethic.
• Financial services is a lucrative business when one actually succeeds in organising the finance, endowment policies, term policies and so on.
From Longman Business Dictionary
lu‧cra‧tive /ˈluːkrətɪv/ adjective
an activity, project, job etc that is lucrative makes a lot of money
alucrative contract to promote a new leisure centre
The change in bonus payments would be especially lucrative for top executives.
Origin lucrative (1400-1500) Latin lucrativus, from lucrari “to gain”, from lucrum; → LUCRE
excessive
ex‧ces‧sive /ɪkˈsesɪv/ ●●○ adjective
much more than is reasonable or necessary
his excessive drinking
$15 for two beers seems a little excessive.
—excessively adverb
excessively high taxes
COLLOCATIONS
ADVERBS
grossly excessive (=extremely excessive)
The fine I had to pay was grossly excessive and totally unfair.
rather/fairly excessive
I think £100 for a meal is rather excessive, to say the least.
somewhat/slightly excessive (=a little excessive)
I thought her reaction was somewhat excessive.
NOUNS
an excessive use of something
Farmers have been criticized for their excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
excessive amounts of something
I was staying up late, consuming excessive amounts of coffee.
excessive force (=more violence than is necessary)
The men claim that the police officers used excessive force.
excessive speed
Excessive speed is a major cause of road accidents.
excessive drinking (=drinking too much alcohol)
Your excessive drinking has to stop.
Examples from the Corpus
excessive
• $10 for two cups of coffee seems excessive.
• It seemed excessive, and I said so when he told me.
• Critics have argued that an excessive commercial focus will lead researchers to ignore pure science.
• Overempowered children have excessive control over the household.
• Don’s wife left him because of his excessive gambling.
• The lighting of the galleries has also been transformed and computer controlled blinds fitted to prevent damage from excessive levels of daylight.
• Not building up excessive national debts is something that countries should do anyway, for their own long-term wellbeing.
• She accepted the therapist’s simple interpretation that this probably inpart explained her excessive need for attention and reassurance from Charles.
• As usual, the opposition claims the government is guilty of excessive spending.
• Grades so high, she was Saying, must reflect excessive study.
• The campaign is trying to stop the excessive use of chemicals in farming.
