Business

Question 1

Fed chair

Answer 1

صندلی فدرال رزرو

Question 2

stakeholder

Answer 2

شرط‌بند، گروگذار، نگه‌دارنده بانک در قمار

Question 3

partner

Answer 3

شریک شدن یا کردن، شریک، همدست، انباز، همسر، یار

• Nosratollah and Bagherzadeh have been partners since their youth.
• نصرت‌الله و باقرزاده از جوانی با هم شریک بوده‌اند.
• to become partners
• شریک شدن
• he and two of his partners
• او و دو نفر از شریکانش
• Mehri and Bert have partnered up for the next dance.
• مهری و برت برای رقص بعدی یار شده‌اند.
• British seapower, partnered with the French, could overcome any country’s navy.
• قدرت دریایی انگلیس با مشارکت فرانسه می‌توانست بر نیروی دریایی هر کشوری مستولی شود.

Question 4

philanthropist

Answer 4

خیرخواه بشر، آدم نیک‌اندیش، بشردوست
Synonyms: altruist, benefactor, bleeding heart, contributor, do-gooder, donor, Good Samaritan, good scout, helper, patron

Question 5

workforce

Answer 5

Synonyms: crew, factory floor, labor force, personnel, shop floor

Question 6

mentor

Answer 6

Synonyms: adviser, coach, counselor, guide, instructor, teacher, trainer, tutor
ناصح، مربی، مرشد
- They believed that each young man needed a mentor.
- آنان معتقد بودند که هر مرد جوانی یک مرشد لازم دارد.
- It is hard to mentor those who haven’t yet made up their mind.
- راهنمایی کسانی که هنوز مصمم نشده‌اند، دشوار است.

Question 7

protégé

Answer 7

تحت‌الحمایه، حمایت‌شده، شاگرد، نوچه
- He is a protege of the prime minister.
- او دست‌نشانده نخست‌وزیر است.
someone, especially a young person, who is taught and helped by
someone who has influence, power, or more experience
She attempted to encourage her young protégé.

Question 8

apprentice

Answer 8

شاگرد، شاگردی کردن، کارآموز
- He is an apprentice mechanic.
- او شاگرد مکانیک است.
- Reza was apprenticed to a carpenter at the age of fourteen.
- رضا در چهارده سالگی شاگرد نجار شد.
- His apprenticeship lasted seven years.
- شاگردی او هفت سال طول کشید.
ap‧pren‧tice /əˈprentɪs/ ●○○ noun [countable]
someone who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn a particular skill or job
She works in the hairdressers as an apprentice.
an apprentice electrician
—apprentice verb [transitive]
He was apprenticed to a local architect.

Question 9

intern

Answer 9

in‧tern /ˈɪntɜːn-ɜːrn/ noun [countable]
someone, especially a student, who works for a short time in a particular job
in order to gain experience, The staff now includes 20 paid workers, plus interns
داخل شدن در، وارد کردن، توقیف کردن، کارورز، (پزشکی) انترن، پزشک مقیم بیمارستان

Question 10

magnate

Answer 10

mag‧nate /ˈmæɡneɪt, -nət/ noun [countable]

a rich and powerful person in industry or business SYN tycoon
steel/oil/shipping etc magnate
a powerful media magnate
(Noun) نجیب‌زاده، آدم متنفذ، متشخص
- The emperor was surrounded by his magnates.
- امپراطور توسط کدیوران خود احاطه شده بود.
- one of the city’s magnates
- یکی از بزرگان شهر
- a cotton magnate
- تاجر عمده‌ی پنبه

Question 11

tycoon

Answer 11

(noun) a person who has a lot of money, power
Synonyms: administrator, big shot, boss, business person, capitalist, captain of industry,
director, entrepreneur, executive, fat cat, financier, industrialist, investor, magnate, mogul, wealthy person
Antonyms: pauper
سرمایه‌‌دار خیلی مهم، آدم بانفوذ و پولدار
someone who is successful in business or industry and has a lot of money and power
media/property/business/newspaper tycoon
a multi-millionaire property tycoon

Question 12

retailer

Answer 12

خرده‌فروش
1a business that sells goods to members of the public, rather than to shops etc
a national furniture retailer with 20,000 employees
→ general retailer
2someone who owns or runs a shop selling goods to members of the public SYN SHOPKEEPER

Question 13

vendor

Answer 13

(Noun) دست‌فروش، فروشنده
- Vendors occupied half of the sidewalk.
- دست‌فروشان نصف پیاده‌رو را اشغال کرده بودند.
Synonyms: businessperson, dealer, hawker, huckster, merchant, outcrier, peddler,
pitcher, traveler, traveling salesperson
Antonyms: customer

Question 14

staff

Answer 14

کارمندان، کارکنان، پرسنل، افسران و صاحب منصبان، اعضا، هیئت، ستاد ارتش
- the teaching staff
- کادر آموزشی
- newspaper staff
- کارمندان روزنامه
- permanent staff
- کارمندان دائم
- the hotel staff
- کارکنان هتل
- staff officer
- افسر ستاد
- a well - staffed hotel
- هتلی که دارای کارمندان خوب است
(Noun) چوب بلند، تیر، چوب پرچم، عصا
- The old man leaned on his staff.
- پیرمرد بر عصای خود تکیه داد.
- I twisted the flag around its staff.
- پرچم را دور چوب آن پیچیدم.
- a shepherd's staff
- چوبدستی شبان
(Verb - transitive) با کارمند مجهز کردن یا شدن
- Who will staff the office tomorrow?
- فردا چه کسی در اداره کار خواهد کرد؟

Question 15

wholesaler

Answer 15

عمده‌فروش، بنکدار

a person or company who sells goods wholesale → retailer

Question 16

client/clientele

Answer 16

ارباب رجوع، مشتریان، پیروان، موکلین
- one of our company’s clientele …
- یکی از کارآوران (مشتریان) شرکت ما …
all the people who regularly use a shop, restaurant etc
The restaurant attracts a young clientele.
► see thesaurus at customer

Question 17

customer

Answer 17

مشتری
- one of the customers of this shop
- یکی از مشتریان این مغازه
- What a rough customer!
- چه آدم خشنی!
1 →someone who buys goods or services from a shop, company etc
We aim to offer good value and service to all our customers.
We’ve had several letters from satisfied customers.
customer service/care
Many of the banks offer a poor level of customer service.
He’s one of our regular customers.
best/biggest/largest customer (=the person or company who uses a shop or company the most)
2 → awkward/tricky/tough etc customer

Question 18

associate

Answer 18

as‧so‧ci‧ate1 /əˈsəʊʃieɪt, əˈsəʊsi- $ əˈsoʊ-/ ●●○ S3 W2 verb
1 [transitive] to make a connection in your mind between one thing or person and another
associate somebody/something with something
I don’t associate him with energetic sports.
2 → be associated (with somebody/something)
3 → associate with somebody

آمیزش کردن، معاشرت کردن، همدم شدن، پیوستن، مربوط ساختن،
شریک کردن، به هم پیوستن، هم پیوند کردن یا شدن، معاشر شدن، هم نشینی کردن، محشور شدن
(Verb - transitive) (Verb - intransitive) مربوط شدن، مربوط کردن، وابسته شدن، وابسته کردن، همبسته کردن، همبسته شدن
(Verb - transitive) (Verb - intransitive) متحد شدن، یکپارچه شدن، یکپارچه کردن
- Two party members became associated with socialists.
- دو نفر از اعضای حزب با سوسیالیستها متحد شدند.
(Noun) وابسته، مربوطه، هم‌بسته
- engineering problems associated with aircraft design
- مسایل مهندسی وابسته به طرح هواپیما
- management and the duties associated with it
- مدیریت و مسئولیتهای مربوطه
(Noun) هم‌پیوند، همدست، هم‌قطار، عضو پیوسته، شریک، همسر، رفیق
- He associated with thieves and killers.
- او با دزدان و آدمکشان محشور شد.
- to associate rain with grief
- باران را با حزن تداعی کردن
- Mohsen and two of his associates
- محسن و دو نفر از همکارانش
- Non-doctors can only become associate members of the club.
- غیر دکترها فقط می‌توانند عضو وابسته‌ی انجمن باشند.
- associate of arts
- فوق‌دیپلم در علوم انسانی

Question 19

affiliate

Answer 19

1 [intransitive, transitive] if a group or organization affiliates to or with
another larger one, it forms a close connection with it
affiliate with
The Society is not affiliated with any political party.
affiliate to
the church’s right to affiliate to Rome
Grammar
Affiliate is usually passive in this meaning, when used as a transitive verb.
2 → affiliate yourself to/with somebody/something
(افراد، مؤسسات و غیره) به وابستگی پذیرفتن، وابسته کردن، عضو وابسته کردن
- They affiliated themselves with leftist groups.
- آنان خود را به گروه‌های چپ‌گرا وابسته کردند.
(Verb - transitive) (بچه نامشروع) پدر…را تعیین کردن
(Verb - intransitive) وابسته شدن، مربوط شدن، پیوستن، ملحق شدن، وابسته بودن، مربوط بودن
(Noun) (شخص، موسسه، عضو) وابسته
- Questionnaires were sent to all the affiliated unions.
- پرسشنامه‌ها به کلیه اتحادیه‌های وابسته ارسال شد.
- the Ford Motor Company and its affiliates
- کمپانی اتومبیل‌سازی فورد و شرکت‌های وابسته به آن

Question 20

arbitrator

Answer 20

داور، میانجی، فیصل‌دهنده
- The minister was the final arbitrator of things.
- وزیر داور نهایی امور بود.
a professional person whose job is to act as a judge in legal or industrial disagreements
If we accept your claim but disagree with the amount due to you, the matter will
be passed to a legally appointed arbitrator.

Question 21

broker

Answer 21

کارگزار، واسطه معاملات بازرگانی، دلال، سمسار
- real estate broker
- واسطه‌ی معاملات ملکی
- He brokered several political deals between the two factions.
- او سرپرستی چندین داد و ستد سیاسی را بین آن دو دسته به عهده گرفت.
1 someone who buys and sells things such as shares in companies
or foreign money for other people → stockbroker
2 someone who arranges sales or business agreements for other people
a real estate broker

Question 22

banker

Answer 22

1 someone who works in a bank in an important position
2 the player who is in charge of the money in some gambling games
(noun) professional in a financial institution
Synonyms: broker, capitalist, croupier, dealer, financier, house, investor,
manager, money-lender, officer, teller, treasurer, usurer
بانکدار، صراف
(Noun) [Countable] بانکدار

Question 23

chairman/chairperson

Answer 23

someone who is in charge of a meeting or directs the work
of a committee or organization
رئیس جلسه (مرد یا زن)

Question 24

mob

Answer 24

انبوه مردم، جمعیت، غوغا، ازدحام کردن
- the use of superstition for the purpose of intimidating the mob
- استفاده از خرافات برای ایجاد واهمه میان توده‌ها
- Windows were smashed and the police beaten by the angry mobs.
- انبوهی از مردم خشمگین پنجره‌ها را شکستند و پلیس را کتک زدند.
- fear of mob rule
- ترس از چیرگی اراذل و اوباش
- The streets were full of mobs.
- مردم خیابانها را پر کرده بودند.
- He told the police and now the mob is after him.
- او به پلیس گفت و اکنون دسته‌ی دزدان می‌خواهند به حسابش برسند.
- Reporters mobbed him and he reached his car with effort.
- خبرنگاران دورش ازدحام کردند و او به زحمت خودش را به اتومبیل رساند.
- Workers tried to mob him but the police came to his rescue.
- کارگران کوشیدند بر سرش بریزند؛ ولی پلیس به دادش رسید.
- On sale days, shoppers mob Lallehzar.
- در روزهای حراج خریداران در لاله‌زار غوغا به‌پا می‌کنند.
1 a large noisy crowd, especially one that is angry and violent
mob of
a mob of a few hundred demonstrators
They were immediately surrounded by the mob.
The leadership had been criticized for giving in to mob rule (=when a mob controls the situation rather than the government or the law).
► see thesaurus at group
2 informal a group of people of the same type SYN gang
mob of
The usual mob of teenagers were standing on the corner.
the heavy mob British English (=group of strong violent men)
What happens if they send the heavy mob round to find him?
3 → the Mob
4 → the mob
5 → mob of sheep/cattle

Question 25

patron

Answer 25

حافظ، حامی، نگهدار، پشتیبان، ولی نعمت، مشتری
- a generous man who was a patron of poets and artists
- مرد سخاوتمندی که حامی شعرا و هنرمندان بود
- the patrons of the symphony orchestra
- اعانه‌دهندگان به ارکستر سمفونیک
- one of the patrons of the library
- یکی از مراجعه‌کنندگان کتابخانه
1 someone who supports the activities of an organization, for example by giving money
a wealthy patron
patron of
a patron of the arts
2 a famous person who is officially involved with an organization, such as a charity,
and whose name is used to help advertise it → , patroness
3 formal someone who uses a particular shop, restaurant, or hotel SYN customer
facilities for disabled patrons
► see thesaurus at customer

Question 26

sponsor

Answer 26

ضامن، ملتزم، التزام‌دهنده، حامی، کفیل، متقبل، ضمانت کردن، مسئولیت را قبول کردن، بانی، بانی چیزی شدن
- National Shoe Co. has sponsored tonight’s program.
- شرکت کفش ملی برنامه‌ی امشب را برپا کرده است.
someone in a company responsible for developing and selling one particular brand of product
He joined British Airways as brand manager for Club Europe.
1
a) a person or company that pays for a show, broadcast, sports event etc,
especially in exchange for the right to advertise at that event
sponsor of
Eastman Kodak is a major sponsor of the Olympics.
corporate sponsors
b) a person or company that supports someone by paying for their training, education, living costs etc
2 someone who agrees to give someone else money for a charity if they walk, run etc a particular distance
3 someone who officially introduces or supports a proposal for a new law
4 someone who officially agrees to help someone else, or to be responsible for what they do
You cannot get a work visa without an American sponsor.
5 a godparent

Question 27

deputy

Answer 27

نماینده، وکیل، جانشین، نایب، قائم‌مقام

• a deputy prime minister
• معاون نخست‌وزیر
• a deputy director
• قائم مقام مدیر
• In his absence, his deputy will manage the company.
• در غیاب او معاونش شرکت را خواهد چرخاند.

Question 28

entrepreneur

Answer 28

someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks
—entrepreneurial adjective
کارگشا، مقدم کمپانی، مؤسس شرکت، پیش‌قدم در تأسیس
- The free market led to the appearance of an entrepreneurial class and the creation of jobs.
- بازار آزاد موجب ظهور طبقه‌ی کارآفرینان و ایجاد کار گردید.
- New York entrepreneurs headed for California.
- کارآفرینان نیویورکی به کالیفرنیا روی می‌آوردند.
- the spirit of entrepreneurship
- روح (یا روحیه‌ی) کارآفرینی

Question 29

referee

Answer 29

داور مسابقات، داور، داوری کردن، داور مسابقات شدن
- He only referees in the Olympic Game.
- او فقط در مسابقات المپیک داوری می‌کند.
1 someone who makes sure that the rules of a sport such as football, basketball,
or boxing, are followed → umpire
2 British English someone who provides information about you when you are trying to get a job
His headmaster agreed to act as his referee.
3 someone who is asked to settle a disagreement
4 someone who judges an article or research idea before it is published or money is provided for it

Question 30

colleague

Answer 30

[Countable] همکار، هم‌قطار
- One of my colleagues got married.
- یکی از همکاران من ازدواج کرد.
- Frank was a very congenial colleague.
- فرانک همکار بسیار هم‌مشربی بود.
someone you work with – used especially by professional people SYN co-worker
 a colleague of mine from the bank
 She discussed the idea with some of her colleagues.

Question 31

employee/er

Answer 31

کارمند، مستخدم، کارگر
- I’m a government employee.
- من کارمند دولت هستم.
- The general manager downgraded that employee.
- مدیر کل آن کارمند را تنزیل رتبه داد.
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Related topics: Employment
em‧ploy‧ee /ɪmˈplɔɪ-iː, ˌemplɔɪˈiː/ ●●● S2 W2 noun [countable]
someone who is paid to work for someone else SYN worker
a government employee
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES
a full-time/part-time employee
We now have 110 full-time employees.
a permanent/temporary employee
Some of the temporary employees were later hired as permanent staff.
a senior/junior employee
The company also offers substantial bonuses to senior employees.
a male/female employee
The majority of the female employees are under 30.
a former employee
The company is being sued by three former employees.
a retired employee
They are for an increase in pension payments to retired employees.
VERBS
have employees
The Birmingham-based company has over 200 employees.
recruit employees (=offer them jobs)
We are recruiting employees for our IT division.
lay off employees (=stop employing them because there is no work for them to do)
Unions fear that many part-time employees will be laid off.
make employees redundant (=stop employing them because there is no work for them to do)
Crossways was nearing bankruptcy and had to make 720 employees redundant.
dismiss/sack an employee (=stop employing them because they have behaved badly or broken a rule)
Seven employees were dismissed for misconduct.
an employee joins a company/firm etc
Employees who join the firm after April receive a percentage of the annual bonus.
an employee leaves
When a senior employee leaves the company, we hold an exit interview.

Question 32

coworker

Answer 32

همکار، همال

• he and his coworkers
• او و همکارانش

Question 33

boss

Answer 33

رئیس کارفرما، ارباب، برجسته، برجسته‌کاری، ریاست کردن بر، اربابی کردن (بر)، نقش برجسته تهیه کردن، برجستگی
- Our new boss is bald.
- رئیس جدید ما کچل است.
- The workers here elect and control their bosses.
- در اینجا کارگران مدیران خود را انتخاب و کنترل می‌کنند.
- He acts as if he is everyone’s boss!
- چنان رفتار می‌کند که انگار ارباب همه است!
- a Mafia boss
- سردسته‌ی تبهکاران مافیا
- I won’t allow anyone to boss me around!
- اجازه نمی‌دهم هیچ‌کس به من تحکم کند!
1 the person who employs you or who is in charge of you at work → employer, manager, supervisor
I’ll have to ask my boss for a day off.
Since I’m my own boss (=I work for myself, rather than for an employer), my hours are flexible.
2 informal someone with an important position in a company or other organization
the new boss at Paramount Pictures
union bosses
3 the person who is the strongest in a relationship, who controls a situation etc
When you first start training a dog, it’s important to let him see that you’re the boss.
You’ve got to show the kids who’s boss.
4 a round decoration on the surface of something, for example on the ceiling of an old building

Question 34

supervisor

Answer 34

ناظر، سرپرست
(Noun) [Countable] برنگر، مباشر، ناظر، سرپرست
1 someone who supervises a person or activity
2 American English someone who is a member of the city, county etc government in some parts of the US
—supervisory /ˈsuːpəvaɪzəri $ ˌsuːpərˈvaɪzəri/ adjective
I had a supervisory role.

Question 35

manager

Answer 35

[Countable] مدیر
(Noun) [Countable] مدیر، مباشر، کارفرمان
- the company’s new manager
- مدیر جدید شرکت
1 someone whose job is to manage part or all of a company or other organization
bank/sales/project etc manager
She’s now assistant marketing manager for the southeast area.
one of our regional managers
manager of
the general manager of Chevrolet
a middle manager in a computer company (=someone who manages a small part of a company)
→ line manager
2 someone who is in charge of training and organizing a sports team
the new England manager
manager of
the manager of Lazio
3 someone who is in charge of the business affairs of a singer, an actor etc

Question 36

director

Answer 36

مدیر، سرپرست، سامانگر، هدایت‌کننده، (شرکت‌ها و موسسات و غیره) عضو هیئت مدیره
- the director of public relations
- سرپرست روابط عمومی
- She is the director of the budget office.
- او مدیر اداره‌ی بودجه است.
- board of directors
- هیئت مدیره
- one of the directors of the company
- یکی از اعضای هیئت مدیره‌ی شرکت
(Noun) [Countable] (سینما و تئاتر و غیره) کارگردان، (ارکستر و غیره) رهبر
- The film's director is from Abadan.
- کارگردان فیلم اهل آبادان است.

Question 37

chief

Answer 37

رئیس، سر، پیشرو، قائد، سالار، فرمانده
1 [only before noun] highest in rank
 He was recently appointed chief economist at the Bank of Scotland.
 the government’s chief medical officer
2 most important SYN main, → chiefly
 One of the chief causes of crime today is drugs.
 Safety is our chief concern.
 The chief reason for this is that people are living longer.
 his chief rival for the job
 the prosecution’s chief witness
 She had many reasons for taking the money, but chief among them was revenge.
► see thesaurus at important, main
3 → chief cook and bottle washer
- chief librarian
- سرکتابدار
- the chief engineer
- سر مهندس
(Adjective) عمده، مهم
- the chief advantages of this book
- مزایای عمده‌ی این کتاب
- I was his chief opponent.
- من رقیب اصلی او بودم.
- one of Iran's chief cities
- یکی از شهرهای عمده‌ی ایران
(Noun) [Countable] سر، رئیس، فرمانده
- editor-in-chief
- سر ویراستار، سردبیر
- chief of police
- رئیس پلیس
- He was the chief of all the rebels.
- او سردسته‌ی همه‌ی شورشیان بود.
- a tribal chief
- رئیس قبیله، سر قبیله

Question 38

president

Answer 38

1 the official leader of a country that does not have a king or queen → vice-president
President of
the president of France
President Bush
2 the person who has the highest position in a company or organization → vice-president
President of
the president of General Motors
(با حرف بزرگ) رئیس‌جمهور، (در عنوان) پرزیدنت
(Noun) [Countable] (با حرف بزرگ)(مدرسه، کالج و غیره) رئیس
(Noun) [Countable] (در آمریکا) (بانک، شرکت و غیره) رئیس، رئیس کل
- the President of France
- رئیس‌جمهور فرانسه
- the president of the University of Iowa
- رئیس دانشگاه آیووا
- the president of our company
- رئیس شرکت ما
- President Ford
- پرزیدنت فورد

Question 39

spokesperson

Answer 39

سخنگو (مرد یا زن)

a person who has been chosen to speak officially for a group, organization, or government

Question 40

accountant

Answer 40

ذی‌حساب، حسابدار
- certified public accountant
- حسابدار قسم‌خورده
- chief accountant
- رئیس حسابداری، حسابدار ارشد
someone whose job is to keep and check financial accounts, calculate taxes etc

Question 41

executive

Answer 41

اجرایی
- executive board
- تابلوی اجرایی
- executive director
- مدیر اجرایی
(Noun) [Countable] مجری، مدیر، هیئت رئیسه، ، مدیر عامل، کارگزار
- one of the company’s executives
- یکی از مدیران عامل شرکت
lated topics: Occupations, Government, Organizations
ex‧ec‧u‧tive1 /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ ●●○ W3 noun [countable]
1 a manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions
a marketing executive
senior/top executive
top executives on high salaries
→ Chief Executive
2 → the executive
3 British English a group of people who are in charge of an organization and make the rules
the union’s executive

Question 42

teller

Answer 42

گوینده، قائل، رأی‌شمار، تحویل‌دار
(Noun) تحویلدار، ناقل
- a story teller
- داستان‌سرا

Question 43

(sole) proprietor

Answer 43

مالک، ملاک، متصرف، صاحب حق طبق کتاب
someone who owns and runs a business on his or her own rather than with another person
Carvel was the typical sole proprietor. He was responsible for his debts and entitled to any profits.
- the proprietor of the restaurant

- صاحب رستوران
formal an owner of a business
proprietor of
 the proprietor of a small hotel and restaurant
newspaper/garage/cafe etc proprietor

Question 44

agent

Answer 44

پیشکار، کارمند، گماشته، وکیل، مأمور، عامل
- a travel agent
- کارمند بنگاه مسافرتی
- a revenue agent
- مأمور مالیات
- a police agent
- پاسبان، آژان، کارمند شهربانی
- a chemical agent
- عامل شیمیایی
- Need is the greatest agent of change.
- نیاز بزرگ‌ترین عامل تغییر است.
(Noun) [Countable] نماینده
- My brother will act as my agent.
- برادرم به عنوان نماینده‌ی من عمل خواهد کرد.
- He is the company’s new agent.
- او نماینده‌ی جدید شرکت است.
- agents of foreign powers
- نمایندگان نیروهای بیگانه
lated topics: Business basics, Media, Performing, Government, Police, Chemistry
a‧gent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun [countable]
1 a person or company that represents another person or company, especially in business
Our agent in Rio deals with all our Brazilian business.
agent for
We’re acting as agents for Mr Watson.
→ estate agent, land agent, real estate agent, travel agent
2 someone who finds work for actors, musicians etc, or who finds someone to publish a writer’s work
My agent has a new script for me to look at.
a literary agent
3 someone who works for a government or police department, especially in order to get secret information about another country or organization
an intelligence agent
an FBI agent
an undercover (=secret) agent
→ secret agent, double agent
4 technical a chemical or substance that is used for a particular purpose or that has a particular effect
Soap is a cleansing agent.

Question 45

beneficiary

Answer 45

(حقوق) ذی‌نفع، موقوف‌علیه
Related topics: Law
ben‧e‧fi‧cia‧ry /ˌbenəˈfɪʃəri $ -ˈfɪʃieri/ ●○○ AWL noun (plural beneficiaries) [countable]
1 someone who gets advantages from an action or change
beneficiary of
The rich were the main beneficiaries of the tax cuts.
2 someone who receives money or property from someone else who has died
beneficiary of
He was the chief beneficiary of his father’s will.

Question 46

franchisee/sor

Answer 46

دارنده‌ی امتیاز، امتیاز دار، فرداد دار
Related topics: Business basics
fran‧chi‧see /ˌfræntʃaɪˈziː/ noun [countable]
someone who is given or sold a franchise to sell a company’s goods or services
Examples from the Corpus
franchisee
• A Texas court in 1990 limited the reasons Avis could use for getting rid of a franchisee.
• In exchange for corporate assistance, franchisees typically pay a percentage of their revenue to a franchiser.
• The new plaintiffs accuse an Avis franchisee, not the Avis system, of discrimination, he said.
• But private franchisees will not have the same range of unwanted posts to offer to their unwanted workers.
• How could I be your second franchisee?
• For the franchisee this means comparing the purchase and operation of a franchise with setting up and running his own business.
• That is a reputation of which the company is justly proud and from which franchisees can benefit directly.
The franchisors consistently overestimated the level of sales that franchisees might expect.

Question 47

end-user.

Answer 47

the person who uses a particular product, rather than the people who make or develop it
Examples from the Corpus
end user
• Each of these organizations is, to a greater or a lesser extent, involved in transferring technology to an end-user.
• Forms provide the means to collect and act on data entered by the end-user.
• Engineers have to be able to write things the end-user can understand.
• Here familiarization can be partially achieved by conducting a reference interview with the end-user.
• The end user must have an Internet browser capable of accepting and playing the applet.

Question 48

layperson

Answer 48

Layman:
شخص عامی
(Noun) عامی، شخص غیرروحانی، خارج از حرفه یا فن خاصی، شخص غیروارد، ناویژه‌کار
- The committee consists of two priests and three laymen.
- کمیته از دو کشیش و سه فرد غیرکشیش تشکیل شده است.
- This medical book is not written for the layman.
- این کتاب پزشکی برای غیر‌پزشکان نوشته نشده است.
1 someone who is not trained in a particular subject or type of work,
especially when they are being compared with someone who is → laywoman OPP expert
To the layman (=laymen in general) all these plants look pretty similar.
If you don’t understand what the doctor says, ask to have it explained in layman’s terms (=in simple language).
2 someone who is not a priest but is a member of a church → laywoman

Question 49

expert

Answer 49

ماهر، خبره، کاردان، باتجربه
- She presented her expert opinion to the panel.
- او نظریات کارشناسانه‌ی خود را به گروه ارائه داد.
(Noun) [Countable] متخصص، کارشناس
- an expert in education
- کارشناس آموزش‌و‌پرورش
- Experts in oil refining came to Tehran.
- کارشناسان پالایش نفت به تهران آمدند.
(Verb - intransitive) کارشناسی کردن
omeone who has a special skill or special knowledge of a
subject, gained as a result of training or experience
expert on
He’s a world expert on marine mammals.
expert in
an expert in statistics
medical/technical/financial etc expert
Tests should be administered by a medical expert.

Question 50

specialist

Answer 50

متخصص، ویژه‌گر، ویژه‌کار
- a heart specialist
- ویژه‌کار قلب
Related topics: Nurses, doctors, etc
spe‧cial‧ist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/ ●●○ S3 W3 noun [countable]
1 someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it SYN expert
specialist in
an attorney who is a specialist in banking law
► see thesaurus at expert
2 a doctor who knows more about one particular type of illness or treatment than other doctors
a heart specialist
► see thesaurus at doctor

Question 51

Loanshark

Answer 51

کسی که پول با بهره‌ی زیاد قرض می‌دهد، رباخوار
someone who lends money at very high rates of interest and
will often use threats or violence to get the money back

Question 52

lender

Answer 52

a person or organization that lends money to people on the condition that they pay it back
Several lenders are offering very attractive rates of interest at the moment.
قرض‌دهنده

Question 53

applicant

Answer 53

درخواست‌دهنده، تقاضا‌کننده، طالب، داوطلب، متقاضی، درخواست‌گر
- This job had many applicants.
- این شغل متقاضیان زیادی داشت.
someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place etc → apply
applicant for
He was one of 30 applicants for the manager’s job.
successful/unsuccessful applicant (=someone who is accepted or not accepted for a job etc)
Successful applicants will be expected to travel extensively.

Question 54

applicant

Answer 54

درخواست‌دهنده، تقاضا‌کننده، طالب، داوطلب، متقاضی، درخواست‌گر
- This job had many applicants.
- این شغل متقاضیان زیادی داشت.
someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job,
university place etc → apply
applicant for
He was one of 30 applicants for the manager’s job.
successful/unsuccessful applicant (=someone who is accepted or not accepted for a job etc)
Successful applicants will be expected to travel extensively.

Question 55

candidate

Answer 55

داوطلب، خواهان، نامزد، کاندید
- the Democratic candidate for the presidency of the United States
- نامزد حزب دموکرات برای ریاست جمهوری امریکا
- a candidate for admission to our club
- خواهان عضویت در باشگاه ما
- This play is a candidate for the prize.
- این نمایشنامه نامزد دریافت جایزه است.
- He seems to be a candidate for the penitentiary.
- چنین پیداست که روزی سر و کارش به ندامتگاه خواهد افتاد.1
someone who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election
a presidential candidate
candidate for
There are only three candidates for the job.
2 British English someone who is taking an examination
Candidates are not allowed to use a calculator in this exam.
3 someone or something that is likely to experience or get something
candidate for
The school is an obvious candidate for extra funding.
The novel must be a prime candidate for the award.

Question 56

Board of Directors

Answer 56

the group of people who have been elected to manage a company by
those holding shares in the company
The bank’s board of directors will vote on the merger
proposal at a meeting today.

Question 57

borrower

Answer 57

قرض‌کننده
someone who has borrowed money and has not yet paid it all back → lender
Most borrowers pay 7% interest.
Examples from the Corpus
borrower
• In both instances lenders and borrowers activity will tend to ensure that
their expectations become fulfilled.
• The bank is asking borrowers to repay their loans.
• At the same time the Abbey raised its rate for borrowers of more
than £60,000 from 12.95 to 13.9 percent.
• And since the debt was secured by deeds to their homes, borrowers
often lost their houses when they could not repay.
• In order to lock into today’s low rates potential borrowers will have to agree
to marginally higher rates than are really current.
• Various fees are paid by the borrower.
• The city is not liable for payment on the bonds even if the borrower defaults, Gittings said.
• Most of those borrowers defaulted and many abandoned the properties.

Question 58

shareholder

Answer 58

سهم‌دار، صاحب سهمshare‧hold‧er /ˈʃeəˌhəʊldə $ ˈʃerˌhoʊldər/ ●○○ noun [countable]
someone who owns shares in a company or business SYN stockholder
Shareholders have been told to expect an even lower result next year.
Examples from the Corpus
shareholder
• The investigation was requested after criticisms of the chairman’s statement and the accounts by a shareholder at a recent company meeting.
• Caradon shareholders are entitled to retain an interim dividend of 4p a share.
• For shareholders, it must have been like winning the pools.
• The Van Leer Group Foundation, the only shareholder at present, plans to keep its majority for the coming years.
• Some shareholders are unhappy with the running of the club and are concerned with the way the recent annual meeting was conducted.
• How do salaries compare to distributions to shareholders?
• It is another example of using shareholder resolutions to force a change in corporate policies.

Question 59

signatory

Answer 59

امضا کننده، صاحب امضا ، امضایی
- one of the signatories of the treaty
- یکی از امضا‌کنندگان معاهده
one of the people, organizations, or countries that signs an official agreement
signatory to/of
The UK is a signatory to the Berne Convention.
the signatories of the Helsinki Declaration

Question 60

cosigner

Answer 60

(برات و ورقه‌ی وام و غیره) مشترک امضا کردن، (علاوه بر امضا‌کننده‌ی اصلی) امضا کردن (و بدین‌وسیله مسئولیت نکول را به‌عهده گرفتن)
co‧sig‧na‧to‧ry /ˌkəʊˈsɪɡnətəri $ ˌkoʊˈsɪɡnətɔːri/ noun (plural cosignatories) [countable]
one of a group of people who sign a legal document for their department, organization, country etc
Both cosignatories must sign the cheque.

Question 61

financier

Answer 61

(Noun) متخصص مالیه
(Noun) سرمایه‌دار
someone who controls or lends large sums of money
Examples from the Corpus
financier
• Five months ago, 32-year-old Richard Simpson was a corporate financier
with merchant bank Morgan Grenfell.
• The mound of coins continues to grow as the little Kool Aid tycoons and
garbage financiers continue to amaze and to amass.
• However, financiers, merchants and bankers, such as the Rothschilds and the
Barings, remained the most distinctive group.
• He came to prominence, however, as a leading financier for the parliamentary side in the civil war.
• Indeed, their growth generally occurred without direct funding by London financiers and merchants.
• These men would have thrived in normal times as Wall Street financiers, corporate lawyers, or bank presidents.

Question 62

underling

Answer 62

آدم زیردست، آدم پست و حقیر، دون‌پایه
an insulting word for someone who has a low rank – often used humorously
Examples from the Corpus
underling
• Obedience depended on respect, and how would an underling respect you if
he thought you were no different from him?
• Until the opening of the Marlborough galleries had tended to treat artists in a
patronising way, as underlings.
• For two decades Gao Yang would serve as one of his commune underlings.
• He wasn’t prepared to waste valuable time on mere underlings like us.
• They could well be given to an officer’s deputy or underling, assuring him of promotion when the time came.
• Beyond this opened a small glass-sided cubicle from which a senior clerk could watch for frivolity among the underlings.
• He had been running a six-person division when Spindler asked him to cut out two underlings.

Question 63

investor

Answer 63

سرمایه‌گذار
someone who gives money to a company, business, or bank in order to get a profit
Examples from the Corpus
investor
• That refund policy takes effect for investors as of Feb. 29, it said.
• Most of the venture funds have come from foreign investors.
• The approach is attractive to foreign investors.
• Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture.
• More recently, he managed private partnerships for institutional investors, along with Breazzano.
• But few really think like investors.
• In the first few days of trading this year, nervous investors have already punished high-technology companies that have reported disappointing earnings.
• But even that market has suffered an attack of investor nerves.
• It is a disequilibrium situation which can not survive as it offers investors a profitable arbitrage opportunity.
• The British Gas sale attracted 4.5 million applications from small investors.
• Our financial consultants can advise the small investor.
• Having made the initial payment, the investor need make no further effort.

Question 64

brand ambassador

Answer 64

سفیر، ایلچی، پیک، مأمور رسمی یک دولت

• the British ambassador to Turkey
• سفیر انگلیس در ترکیه
• Travelling lecturers are effective ambassadors of Persian culture.
• سخنرانان سیار پیک‌های مؤثر فرهنگ ایران هستند.
• an ambassador of good will
• رساننده‌ی پیام حسن نیت

Question 65

promoter

Answer 65

یش‌برنده، ترقی‌دهنده، ترویج‌کننده
someone who gives money to a company, business, or bank in order to get a profit
Examples from the Corpus
investor
• That refund policy takes effect for investors as of Feb. 29, it said.
• Most of the venture funds have come from foreign investors.
• The approach is attractive to foreign investors.
• Foreign investors have shown considerable interest in the venture.
• More recently, he managed private partnerships for institutional investors, along with Breazzano.
• But few really think like investors.
• In the first few days of trading this year, nervous investors have already punished high-technology companies that have reported disappointing earnings.
• But even that market has suffered an attack of investor nerves.
• It is a disequilibrium situation which can not survive as it offers investors a profitable arbitrage opportunity.
• The British Gas sale attracted 4.5 million applications from small investors.
• Our financial consultants can advise the small investor.
• Having made the initial payment, the investor need make no further effort.
From Longman Business Dictionary

Question 66

telemarketer

Answer 66

(کاربرد تلفن در بازاریابی و فروش) بازاریابی از راه دور، داد و ستد تلفنی

Question 67

salesperson

Answer 67

sales‧per‧son /ˈseɪlzˌpɜːsən $ -pɜːr-/ ●●○ noun (plural salespeople /-ˌpiːpəl/) [countable]
متصدی فروش، فروشنده
someone whose job is selling things
Examples from the Corpus
salesperson
• But if the idea makes you uncomfortable, ask a salesperson to help.
• For a salesperson to disregard the emotional aspects of dealing with objections is to court disaster.
• Discuss. 2 Discuss the ways in which a salesperson can attempt to identify buyer needs.
• A salesperson is usually hovering there, to exchange a garment or help with a zipper.
• Thus an industrial salesperson may be able to advise his customers on improving productivity or cutting costs.
• Mr Moore found Jill was knowledgeable, helpful, and a skillful salesperson.
• The selling process essentially follows a set pattern that the salesperson learns from a manual.
From Longman Business Dictionary
sales‧per‧son /ˈseɪlzˌpɜːsən-ˌpɜːr-/ noun (plural salespeople) [countable]
someone whose job is to persuade people to buy his or her company’s products

Question 68

heir/ess

Answer 68

heir /eə $ er/ ●○○ noun [countable]  
- heir at law
- (حقوق) وارثِ قانونی
- heir to the throne
- وارثِ تاج و تخت، ولیعهد  
Heiress: وارث (زن)

1 the person who has the legal right to receive the property or title of another person when they die
heir to
John was the sole heir to a vast estate.
heir to the throne (=the person who will become king or queen)
2 the person who will take over a position or job after you, or who does things or thinks in a similar way to you
Jonson was his political heir as leader of the Nationalist Party.

Question 69

supplier

Answer 69

تهیه‌کننده، رساننده، کارپرداز، متصدی ملزومات
sup‧pli‧er /səˈplaɪə $ -ər/ noun [countable]
(also suppliers [plural]) a company or person that provides a particular product
supplier of
the UK’s largest supplier of office equipment
Examples from the Corpus
supplier
• Major art suppliers offer their own willow charcoals in similar formats.
• one of the world’s biggest suppliers of defense equipment
• The changes envisaged in the White Paper could lead to a personal social service system dominated by commercial suppliers.
• These high profits have a paradoxical effect: They provide a steady incentive for drug suppliers.
• The company is now the main supplier of educational software to schools.
• To do this, the estimator must initiate inquiries for price information from potential suppliers.
• The goal is to link the company and the suppliers and distributors so that payments can be sent and received electronically.
• Materials from the supplier will be ordered only if the production plant can sell its product.
• Buyers worked closely with suppliers, both new and established, to identify opportunities and develop exciting new Sainsbury brand products.

Question 70

consultant/advisor

Answer 70

مشاور، رایزن
- a financial consultant
- مشاور مالی
Word family (noun) consultation consultancy consultant consulting (adjective) consultative consulting (verb) consult
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Related topics: Occupations, Nurses, doctors, etc, Hospital
con‧sul‧tant /kənˈsʌltənt/ ●●○ AWL noun [countable]
1 someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject
a management consultant
2 British English a hospital doctor of a very high rank who has a lot of knowledge about a particular area of medicine► see thesaurus at doctor
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + CONSULTANT
a political/financial etc consultant
A team of political consultants shaped his election campaign.
an outside/independent consultant (=one who does not belong to your organization)
An educational programme was planned by outside consultants.
a management consultant (=one who advises a company how to improve its management)
The company employed management consultants to help with their strategy for the future.
a recruitment consultant (=one who helps companies find suitable staff)
Recruitment consultants say that employers are reducing the number of new staff.
a marketing consultant (=one who gives advice on how to advertise and sell a product)
a public relations/PR consultant (=one who advises an organization on how to relate well to the public)
an image consultant (=one who advises people how to improve their style or appearance)
The new prime minister was advised to see an image consultant.
a fashion consultant (=one who advises people on what to wear)
It would be great to have your own fashion consultant.
VERBS
act as a consultant (=be a consultant on a particular project)
He acted as a historical consultant on the film.
work as a consultant
We have 170 staff working as computer consultants to clients.
employ a consultant
We sometimes employ consultants to help with marketing.
hire/engage a consultant (=start to employ one)
The company hired an outside consultant to review staffing levels.
bring in a consultant (=start to use one)
Consultants were brought in to examine the building.

Question 71

Currency

Answer 71

pound
yen
euro
ruble
other:
won
yuan (renminbi)
rupee
peso
cryptocurrency
Bitcoin
dollar (US, CAD, AUS, etc.)
riyal