Company Flashcards
corporation
شرکت، موسسه، شرکت با مسئولیت محدود
- Directors of a corporation are trustees for the stockholders.
- مدیران شرکت معتمد سهامداران هستند.
- He works for a large commercial corporation.
- او برای یک مؤسسه‌ی بزرگ بازرگانی کار می‌کند.
limited (Ltd.)
a business or company, especially a small one
electronics/advertising/law etc firm
She works for an electronics firm.
a firm of accountants/solicitors/builders etc
Kevin is with a firm of accountants in Birmingham.
► see thesaurus at company
incorporated (Inc.)
هم‌بسته، هم‌بندشده، یک کاسه، یکپارچه، متحد‌شده، ملحق‌شده، ضمیمه‌شده
(Adjective) (شرکت و غیره) رسما به ثبت رسیده
- an incorporated association
- انجمن به‌ثبت‌رسیده
In‧cor‧po‧rat‧ed /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪtɪd $ -ɔːr-/ AWL adjective (written abbreviation Inc.)
used after the name of a company in the US to show that it has become a corporation → limited
Examples from the Corpus
Incorporated
• Each type of wave attracted a different noun, and the nouns incorporated adjectives, verbs, whole narratives.
• Landscape, pasture, workplaces and cemetery are all incorporated and can be experienced from the abbey garden.
• Its main use, therefore, is for the issue of advertisements to incorporated companies of a reasonable size.
• The result is a permanent war establishment run by a privately incorporated economy operating within a political vacuum.
• Only eight districts had a computerised information system that incorporated information from assessments.
• The amount of incorporated label was measured by scintillation counting.
• The plants are then supplied with an incorporated maintenance programme.
• As an incorporated vehicle, it would ring-fence past claims from new capital-providers.
From Longman Business Dictionary
In‧cor‧po‧ra‧ted /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪtəd-ɔːr-/ abbreviation Inc adjective American English
used after the name of a company in the US to show that it is a corporation
start-up
شرکت نوپا، استارتاپ
1 if you start up a business, company etc, or it starts up, it begins to exist
Tax breaks help new companies start up.
start something ↔ up
Jordan started up a band of his own.
2 if an engine, car etc starts up, or you start it up, it begins working
The driver got back into the car and started up.
start something ↔ up
Rory started up the engine and got the vehicle moving.
3 if a sound, activity, or event starts up, it begins to exist or happen
The crickets had started up now that it was evening.
→ start→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
start up
• The anti-virus icon should appear whenever you start up your computer.
ˈstart-up1 adjective [only before noun]
connected with starting a new business
start-up costs
incubator
مرکز رشد
(Noun) ماشین جوجه‌کشی، محل پرورش اطفال زودرس
Related topics: Birth, Hospital
in‧cu‧ba‧tor /ˈɪŋkjəbeɪtə $ -ər/ noun [countable]
1 a piece of hospital equipment into which very small or weak babies are put to keep them alive and warm
2 a heated container for keeping eggs warm until they hatch (=the young birds are born)
3 an organization which helps new businesses to develop by giving them office space, services, and equipment, and providing them with business and technical advice
a high-tech incubator on the east coast
Examples from the Corpus
incubator
• One city planner said Escondido has become known as an incubator city.
• These were removed from the nest and hatched indoors in an incubator.
• Seeing him lying in an incubator for the first time was a uniquely distressing experience.
• D., you may be in that inorganic incubator until you are forty-five.
• He was in the next incubator at Guy’s hospital to first victim Dean Bunn.
• The mouths of these fishes are large and they are oral incubators, the males carrying the eggs.
• With customary caution, he is keeping his options open while the issue is still in the political incubator.
• The drive motor should be fitted outside the incubator to prevent any local heating effect.
accelerator
شتاب‌دهنده، شتاباننده، تندکن، شتابنده
Related topics: Motor vehicles
ac‧cel‧e‧ra‧tor /əkˈseləreɪtə $ -ər/ noun [countable]
1 the part of a car or other vehicle that you press with your foot to make it go faster SYN gas pedal American English
2 technical a large machine used to make extremely small pieces of matter1(3) move at extremely high speeds
Examples from the Corpus
accelerator
• As the taxi-driver played the brake and accelerator game and jolted him through the dark London streets, Mark considered his position.
• Clayt turned the engine over and felt for the accelerator with his toe and backed into the Harpswell Road.
• You press on the accelerator and begin backing out.
• I pulled out of the eight, stamped the accelerator down through the floor and drove for a gate.
• I can set this cruise control to any speed I want and it drives without me having to touch the accelerator.
• The accelerators could also be used for food sterilization and other applications.
From Longman Business Dictionary
ac‧cel‧e‧ra‧tor /əkˈseləreɪtə-ər/ noun [singular]
1the principle that when demand for goods rises and falls, investment rises and falls by even larger amounts
2when a government uses the accelerator, it encourages demand as a way of controlling the economy
Ministers need to time their use of the economic brake or accelerator carefully.
monopoly
انحصار، امتیاز انحصاری، کالای انحصاری
- the government’s monopoly of cigarete production
- انحصار دخانیات توسط دولت
- He thinks he has a monopoly on intelligence.
- او فکر می کند که فقط خودش باهوش است.
- A university education should not be a monopoly of any particular social class.
- آموزش دانشگاهی نباید در انحصار طبقه‌ی اجتماعی به‌خصوصی باشد.
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Related topics: Business basics
mo‧nop‧o‧ly /məˈnɒpəli $ məˈnɑː-/ ●●○ noun (plural monopolies)
1 [countable] if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it
monopoly of
They are demanding an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly of power.
the state monopoly of television
monopoly on/in
For years Bell Telephone had a monopoly on telephone services in the US.
a monopoly in copper trading
2 [countable] a large company that controls all or most of a business activity
The company is a state-owned monopoly.
3 [singular] if someone has a monopoly on something, that thing belongs to them, and no one else can share it
Teachers do not have a monopoly on educational debate.
Examples from the Corpus
monopoly
• Because the state tried to enforce a monopoly on ideas, intellectuals were both at great risk and terrifically influential.
• It is not good for consumers if one company has a monopoly in any area of trade.
• the De Beers diamond monopoly
• Lewie and his monopoly were gone, a loss of at least a few hundred million dollars more.
• It was not easy to persuade the monarchy to let go of its monopoly of power.
• In contrast, public monopolies that are thrust fully into competition have little choice but to please their customers.
• It is poor families who are usually stuck with the worst consequences of school monopoly and bureaucratization.
• Tax concessions for new companies and the end of the state monopoly on import-export trade were also announced.
• After decades of dreary state-run television monopolies, most of these markets are starting to open up to private competitors.
• Microsoft, which has had a virtual monopoly, has managed 53 % a year.
monopoly of power
• At the same time it amended the republic’s constitution to abolish the guaranteed Communist Party monopoly of power.
Monopoly trademark
a very popular type of board game that has been sold since the 1930s. Players use toy money to buy streets and buildings on squares on the board, and then make other players pay rent if they move onto those squares. The squares on the board show the names of real streets in cities in the US (=in an American Monopoly set), London (=in a British Monopoly set), or other big cities around the world. People sometimes use the expression Monopoly money to mean a very large amount of money
You know how much it costs to buy an apartment in Tokyo? It’s Monopoly money!
oligopoly
انحصار، امتیاز انحصاری، کالای انحصاری
- the government’s monopoly of cigarete production
- انحصار دخانیات توسط دولت
- He thinks he has a monopoly on intelligence.
- او فکر می کند که فقط خودش باهوش است.
- A university education should not be a monopoly of any particular social class.
- آموزش دانشگاهی نباید در انحصار طبقه‌ی اجتماعی به‌خصوصی باشد.
the control of all or most of a business activity by very few companies, so that other organizations cannot easily compete with them
Examples from the Corpus
oligopoly
• An oligopoly exists in a market with just a few sellers.
• It is apparently a competitive oligopoly.
• As a consequence of this trend, defensive mergers took place to protect local oligopolies.
• The alarming increase in media oligopolies has led to a subsequent decline in any need for public accountability on the part of media corporations.
• What we do in this chapter is the reverse: we focus on the implications of oligopoly.
• By controlling the oligopolies the state can direct aggregate performance.
• The oligopolies will not be divided into small-scale firms.
• For some time, since the 1920s, it had been a conservative, uncompetitive oligopoly.
From Longman Business Dictionary
ol‧i‧gop‧o‧ly /ˌɒlɪˈgɒpəliˌɑːlɪˈgɑː-, ˌoʊ-/ noun (plural oligopolies) [countable, uncountable]
a situation in which a very small number of companies produce a particular thing or provide a particular service, or the group of companies itself
Competition authorities would not approve of the creation of a defence oligopoly.
→ compare monopoly
Origin oligopoly (1800-1900) Greek oligos “few” + English monopoly
conglomerate
اختلاط، کلوخه شده، گرد شدن، جوش سنگ
- People conglomerate around his statue.
- مردم دور مجسمه‌ی او جمع شدند.
- English is a conglomerate language.
- انگلیسی زبانی متنوع است.
- a pharmaceutical conglomerate
- یک مجتمع تولید دارو
From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Related topics: Companies, Geology
con‧glom‧e‧rate /kənˈɡlɒmərət $ -ˈɡlɑː-/ noun
1 [countable] a large business organization consisting of several different companies that have joined together
an international conglomerate
industrial/financial/media etc conglomerate
► see thesaurus at company
2 [countable, uncountable] technical a rock consisting of different sizes of stones held together by clay
3 [countable] formal a group of things gathered together
Examples from the Corpus
conglomerate
• A vast American conglomerate has announced plans to buy the site at a cost of well over a billion dollars.
• a media and entertainment conglomerate
• In the mid-1980s the big financial conglomerates muscled into the market.
• In Britain the merging together of the banking and securities business in the guise of financial conglomerates has rekindled this debate.
• A broker buy recommendation helped conglomerate Williams Holdings inch ahead a penny to 326p.
• But not much demand can be expected from the large conglomerates.
• The German media conglomerate Kronstadt AG reported record earnings last year.
• This is the rough distinction between non-media conglomerates with a media side-interest and, in contrast, media conglomerates that diversified outwards.
• The buzz at Geneva last week was about smaller cars, wholesale commitment to environmental protection and rationalised, merged conglomerates.
• Conflict: there is ample opportunity for this information to be acquired and used by other divisions within the conglomerate.
industrial/financial/media etc conglomerate
• Time Warner is the biggest media conglomerate, with the broadest reach and opportunity for synergies across different media.
• Does the future lie with diversified financial conglomerates or with highly specialized financial institutions?
• This is the rough distinction between non-media conglomerates with a media side-interest and, in contrast, media conglomerates that diversified outwards.
• Secondly, in so far as we are concerned with insider dealing, the practice is analysed within the context of financial conglomerates.
• In Britain the merging together of the banking and securities business in the guise of financial conglomerates has rekindled this debate.
• Vertical integration of media conglomerates adds pressure to the marketplace and the creative process.
• Particular emphasis placed on the problems of regulating and supervising financial conglomerates within the existing national regulatory framework.
multinational
چندملیتی
- New York is a multinational city.
- نیویورک یک شهر چندملیتی است.
(Noun) شرکت چندملیتی
- Three multinationals have shown interest in the project.
- سه شرکت چندملیتی به طرح علاقه نشان داده‌اند.
1 a multinational company has factories, offices, and business activities in many different countries
a multinational media corporation
2 involving people from several countries
the UN’s multinational peace-keeping force
Examples from the Corpus
multinational
• Multinational companies have often been accused of employing cheap labour in developing countries.
• These are therefore the key markets for most multinational companies.
• The government is attempting to stimulate the economy by attracting multinational corporations.
• The recording business is now controlled by multinational corporations.
• The multinational drug companies are often exploiting that knowledge in their constant search for new and more profitable drugs.
• With the multinational empires torn apart, are the multinational nations next?
• a multinational force sponsored by the UN
• a multinational manufacturer
• They are adept at arranging huge loans, underwriting stock offerings and putting together multinational mergers.
• Crucially, in an era of multinational sports commerce, it also travelled better abroad.
• However, they have been very active in the large multinational textile and assembly factories which employ women almost exclusively.
enterprise
عمل بی‌باکانه، امر خطیر، اقدام مهم، همت، پشتکار
- Battles and important enterprises in which my grandfather took part.
- نبردهای مهم و عملیات جسورانه‌ای که پدربزرگم در آن شرکت داشت.
- They complained about his lack of enterprise.
- از بی‌عرضگی او شکایت می‌کردند.
- a man of unusual insight and enterprise
- مردی دارای بینش و همت فوق‌العاده
en‧ter‧prise /ˈentəpraɪz $ -tər-/ ●●○ W3 noun
1 [countable] a company, organization, or business
commercial enterprises such as banks and food manufacturers
state/public enterprise especially British English (=one owned by the government)
2 [uncountable] the activity of starting and running businesses
the management of state enterprise (=done by the government)
→ free enterprise, private enterprise
3 [countable] a large and complicated project, especially one that is done with a group of other people SYN initiative
The programme is a joint enterprise with the London Business School.
4 [uncountable] the ability to think of new activities or ideas and make them work
We’re looking for young people with enterprise and creativity.
COLLOCATIONS
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + ENTERPRISE
a large/large-scale enterprise
The company has grown into a large-scale enterprise that employs hundreds of people.
a small/small-scale enterprise
The tax will affect owners of small-scale enterprises consisting of up to ten people.
a successful enterprise
She is the owner of an extremely successful enterprise.
a commercial/business enterprise
If you are setting up your own business enterprise, your bank can help.
an economic enterprise (=one that is intended to make money)
It’s an economic enterprise, not a charity.
a state/state-owned enterprise (also a public enterprise British English) (=one owned by the government)
New Zealand Rail is a state-owned enterprise.
ENTERPRISE + NOUN
an enterprise zone (=an area created by the government to attract businesses)
Many firms relocate to enterprise zones because of tax incentives.
an enterprise economy (=an economic system in which there are many private businesses)
An enterprise economy can generate wealth and reduce unemployment.
commercial
بازرگانی، تجاری، تجارتی
- commercial paper
- اوراق بهادار بازرگانی
- commercial value
- ارزش تجاری
(Adjective) اقتصادی، پول‌ساز، مقرون به صرفه، سود‌دهنده
(Noun) [Countable] (رادیو، تلویزیون) آگهی تجارتی، آگهی تبلیغاتی، آگهی بازرگانی
syndicate
اتحادیه صنفی، سندیکا، تشکیل اتحادیه دادن
- to syndicate government factories
- در کارخانه‌های دولتی اتحادیه درست کردن
- He writes four syndicated articles per week.
- هفته‌ای چهار مقاله‌ی چند روزنامه‌ای می‌نویسد.
Related topics: Business basics
syn‧di‧cate1 /ˈsɪndəkət/ noun [countable]
a group of people or companies who join together in order to achieve a particular aim
syndicate of
a syndicate of banks
Examples from the Corpus
syndicate
• She was the publicist for a syndicate of galleries in Soho, an impresario of special events.
• After the syndicate earned back the $ 25,000, the brothers and the syndicate would share equally in the proceeds.
• Especially because they usually split the take with the syndicates who sell and service their output.
• The syndicates see these women as easy candidates to force into the sex trade.
syndicate of
• a syndicate of banks
Related topics: Newspapers, printing, publishing
syn‧di‧cate2 /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ verb
[transitive] to arrange for written work, photographs etc to be sold to a number of different newspapers, magazines etc
His column is syndicated throughout America.
Grammar
Syndicate is usually passive.
—syndication /ˌsɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ noun [uncountable]
→ See Verb table
Examples from the Corpus
syndicate
• Producers claim they have to sell their programs to the networks, then syndicate them to make a profit.
From Longman Business Dictionary
syn‧di‧cate1 /ˈsɪndəkət/ noun [countable]
a group of people or companies that work together to achieve a particular aimSYNPARTNERSHIP
a bankingsyndicate led by the Hong Kong Bank of Australia
The publishing group has bought a 45% stake, joining the company’s shareholder syndicate.
→ lloyd’s syndicate
→ loan syndicate
→ underwriting syndicate
syn‧di‧cate2 /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ verb [transitive]
1 if a company, especially a bank or insurance company, syndicates a loan, debt etc, it provides the loan, debt etc with a group of other companies
syndicate something to
Some of the largest loans were syndicated to smaller creditors.
2to arrange for articles, photographs, or radio or television programmes to be sold to several newspapers, television stations etc
be syndicated
The broadcasting station asked him to put together a talk show that could be syndicated nationally.
—syndicated adjective [only before a noun]
The sale proceeds will be used to help the firm renegotiate itssyndicated debts.
Most stations will seek to fill the 60 minutes withsyndicated programming.
→ See Verb table
Origin syndicate1 (1600-1700) French syndicat, from syndic “someone who does business for another”, from Late Latin syndicus, from Greek, from syn- ( → SYN-) + dike “judgment, law case”
partnership
مشارکت، همکاری
- in partnership with my son David
- با مشارکت پسرم داوود
- partnership in irrigation projects between the states and the Federal government
- همکاری میان ایالت‌ها و دولت فدرال درمورد طرح‌های آبیاری
- the wartime partnership which existed between scientists and military men
- همکاری میان دانشمندان و نظامیان در زمان جنگ
1 [uncountable] the state of being a partner in business
be/work in partnership (with somebody)
I’ve been in partnership with her for five years.
She’s gone into partnership with two local doctors.
2 [countable] a business owned by two or more people
It’s one of the most successful partnerships in the country.
3 [countable, uncountable] a relationship between two people, organizations, or countries
Several youth charities have formed a partnership to help these homeless teenagers.
partnership between
The close partnership between Britain and the US will continue.
COLLOCATIONS – Meaning 3: a relationship between two people, organizations, or countries
VERBS
form a partnership
They formed a partnership solely to enter the competition.
forge a partnership (=form one)
He has forged a highly successful partnership with the Dublin singer Frances Black.
develop a partnership
Developing international partnerships is vital to our continued success.
ADJECTIVES
a working partnership
Theirs is one of the most fruitful working partnerships in modern science.
a close partnership
The two companies have built up a close partnership over the past four years.
an effective partnership
The agency tries to forge effective partnerships with communities and private businesses.
a successful partnership
We are looking forward to a successful partnership.
a good partnership
It’s a good partnership and we think it’s going to get better.
an equal partnership
They regard marriage as an equal partnership.
sole proprietorship
مالکیت، صاحب ملک یا مغازه بودن
in Britain, a document in which details are recorded about the owner of a property and the price paid for it, as registered (=entered in an official list) with the land registry
→ register
