INVERTEBRATES Flashcards
each SEGMENT in an ___ has its own….(3) system?
EARTHWORM
- respiratory
- skeletal
- muscular
EARTHWORMS
- what signifies the anterior position?
clitellum
2 types of skeleton in INVERTEBRATES
- Hydroskeleton/Hydrostatic skeleton
- burrowing
- flexible
- no protection - Exoskeleton
- protection
- cannot burrow
2 TYPES of flight muscles in invertebrates
+ which expends more energy?
- DIRECT flight muscles
- muscles directly connected to wings (dragonfly, cockroaches) - INDIRECT flight muscles (expends more energy)
- muscles indirectly connected to wings (bees)
2 TYPES of respiration in invertebrates?
- tracheal system
- book lung system
TRACHEAL SYSTEM
- order of air entry?
spiracles -> trachea -> tracheole -> capillaries
what MUSCLE supports the spiracles? + main function
taenidia (prevent tubes from collapsing)
TRACHEAL SYSTEM
- 2 modified types?
- Siphon (mosquito wrigglers)
- later on developed spiracles
- larve forms of mosquitos - Plastrons (corixid bugs)
- produce air bubbles for breathing
BOOK LUNG SYSTEM
- commonly found in?
- has ___ that automatically connects to ____ _____
- arachnids
- slits -> gas exchange
2 types of CIRCULATORY STSEM
- Closed (annelids)
- follows a path of blood vessles - Open (arthropods)
- hemolymph in hemocoel (cavities)
can organisms have 2 systems for gas exchange?
yes
Arachnids actually use both tracheal and book lung system
what are hemolymph?
hemoglobin-free blood
instead, they contain hemocyanin
BOOK LUNG SYSTEM
- book lungs are saturated with?
light blue hemolymph
how many heart chambers do insects have?
in front of each chamber a pair of openings called _____ and a pair of _____ _____
the chambers of the heart have its posterior end _____ and its anterior end _____
13 chambers
3 thoracic
10 abdominal
- ostia
- alary muscles
- closed
- open to anterior aorta
3 main vessels in EARTHWORMS
CLOSED circulatory system
- aortic arches (pumps to 2 & 3)
- dorsal blood vessels (pumps to front body)
- ventral blood vessels (pumps to back body)
2 types of DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- what invertebrates exhibit this
- number of openings
- INCOMPLETE digestive system
- lower invertebrates
- 1 opening (“mouth”) - COMPLETE digestive system
- higher invertebrates
- 2 openings (anterior “mouth” ; posterior “anus”)
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
- 7 functional regions
- mouth (mechanical digestion)
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- small instestine
- large instestine
- rectum
“peristalsis”
“feces”
MAIN PART that cockroach use for feeding (2)?
mandible
maxillae
PARTS of the FOREGUT (5)
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophagus
- crop
- gizzard
PARTS of the MIDGUT
- gastric caeca (digestive enzymes)
- mesenteron
- stomach/ventriculus
PARTS of the HINDGUT + other term
proctodeum
- Malpighian tubules
- Iluem (small intestines)
- Colon (large intestines)
- rectum (stores waste)
MAIN ORGAN for excretion in:
- complete digestive system
- incomplete digestive system
- malpighian tubules
- pharynx
what PHYLUM has incomplete digestive system?
platyhelminthes
(planarian)
PARTS of the nervous system (6)
- Cerebral ganglia
- Thoracic ganglia (3)
- Abdominal ganglia (6)
- Ventral nerve cords
- Thoracic nerves
- Abdominal nerves
