Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Large macromolecules which c____ many b___ reactions

A

catalyze
biological

ENZYMES

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1
Q

what can enzymes provide to increase reaction

A

lower activation energy

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2
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

catalyzes redox reactions; transfer of e-

A

Oxidoreductase

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3
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

transport of one functional group from one molecule to another

A

Transferase

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4
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

cleave covalent bonds by addition of water thru the process of HYDROLYSIS

A

Hydrolase

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5
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

attaches molecules together

A

Ligase

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5
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

rearranges the structure and shape of a molecule

A

Isomerase

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6
Q

ENZYME CLASSIFICATION

creates or reduces double bonds by addition of small molecules (H20, CO2, NH3)

A

Lyase

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7
Q

2 TYPES of enzymes

A

Simple and Conjugate

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8
Q

What TYPE of ENZYME consists entirely of proteins with no other components needed to function

A

Simple enzyme

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8
Q

What TYPE of ENZYME consists of other components other than proteins

A

Conjugate enzyme (Holoenzyme)

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9
Q

2 parts of a conjugate enzyme

A

Apoenzyme (protein)
Cofactor (non-protein)

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10
Q

3 TYPES of cofactors

A

activators (cations for temporary binding)
prosthetic groups (organic group for permanent binding)
coenzymes (organic molecules for temporary binding with substrate)

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11
Q

Parts of enzyme (4)

A

Active site (where substrate binds)
Substrate (the molecules needed to react TO TURN to products)
Enzyme
Products

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12
Q

The sum of chemical reactions to maintain living state

A

metabolism

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13
Q

2 products of metabolism

A

cell membrane - proteins and lipids

14
Q

what MODEL says that an enzyme’s active site has a specific shape that a substrate can fit into

and when

A

“Lock and Key Model”

1894

15
Q

New name for the lock and key model

and what happens here

A

Induced-fit model

active site changes shape for induced fit

16
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of computer models

A

A:
- multiple models can be accessed at once
- can be accessed anywhere
- easy storage and correction

D:
- gadget
- internet connection
- prior bg knowledge for full interpretation

17
Q

in PDB, which setting will give a more 3d effect

A

space-feeling/line

18
Q

in PDB, which setting will give more info re beta sheets and alpha helics

A

cartoon