Lecture 1: Genetics Flashcards
GENETICS
- etymology
- “main definition”
- coined by ___? + year
- tightly associated with ____
- study of ____ and ____
- Greek word “gen”
- “to become or grow into something”
- William Bateson (1905)
- reproduction
- heredity and variation
HEREDITY
- main definition
- based on similarity of?
- transmission of traits from parents to offspring
- parents and offspring
VARIATION
- differences among… (3)
- parents and offspring
- individuals in the population
- offspring themselves
Knowledge of genetics will help you….
understand other disciplines in Biology
GENE
- unit of __
- controls ___
- main definition
- heredity
- traits
- principle determinant of life processes
7 examples of LIFE PROCESSES
- cell structure
- cell function
- organization of cells into tissues/organs
- appearance of organism
- reproduction
- adaptability to environmental changing factors
- behaviour
Behaviour is = ??
PERSONALITY + ENVIRONMENT
Are organisms purely determined by genes?
No, the mix of genes and environment
3 Interrelated fields in Genetics
- Transmission Genetics
- Molecular Genetics
- Population Genetics
TRANSMISSION GENETICS
- known as “ ______ genetics”
- main definition
- states that _____
- classical genetics
- encompasses the basic principles of genetics
- “genes can be mapped on chromosomes” (they have specific locations)
MOLECULAR GENETICS
- main definition
- studies how genetic information is____?
- chemical nature of genes
- replicated, encoded, and expressed
POPULATION GENETICS
- called as the?
- studies… (2)
- the study of evolution (genetic changes)
- the genetic composition of groups of individuals of the same species (population)
- how genetic composition changes over time
8 BRANCHES of genetics
- Molecular Genetics
- Cytogenetics
- Developmental Genetics
- Evolutionary Genetics
- Biochemical Genetics
- Behavioural Genetics
- Population Genetics
- Quantitative Genetics
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Molecular Genetics
- definition (2)
- structure and function of genes @ molecular level
- processes in the Central Dogma (replication, transcription, translation)
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Cytogenetics
- definition
- behaviour of chromosomes
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Developmental Genetics
- definition (2)
- gene regulation during development
- switching on and off of genes
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Evolutionary Genetics
- definition
- genetic change between and within species
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Biochemical Genetics
- definition (3)
- role of enzymes and proteins
- product of genes
- genetic basis of metabolic disorders
e.g. ALBINISM
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Behavioural Genetics
- definition (2)
- behavioural traits that are inherited
- genetic basis of behavioural disorders
e.g. mental illnesses, addiction
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Population Genetics
- definition
- factors affecting gene frequencies in population
BRANCHES OF GENETICS
Quantitative Genetics
- definition (3)
- inheritance and expression of quantitative traits
- role of genetic and environmental factors
- study of how genes and the environment contribute to phenotypic variation in a population
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Molecular Genetics (3)
- physical chemistry
- biochemistry
- biophysics
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Cytogenetics (2)
- physics
- staining technology
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Evolutionary Genetics (4)
- biochemistry
- ecology
- math
- statistics
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Population Genetics (3)
- ecology
- math
- statistics
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Quantitative Genetics (2)
- math
- statistics
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Developmental Genetics (3)
- physiology
- morpho-anatomy
- biochemistry
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Biochemical Genetics (2)
- biochemistry
- physiology
SCOPE OF GENETICS PER EACH BRANCH
Behavioural Genetics (2)
- psychology
- biochemistry
