Using Scientific Models (5A)

Question 1

3 TYPES of models

Answer 1

1. mathematical (equation and data)
2. conceptual (diagrams and flowcharts)
3. physical (tangible)

Question 2

Models are generally regarded as ______ which means a _____of ______

Answer 2

simulacra ; reflection of reality

Question 3

Models are defined in 2 viewpoints, namely: _____ & ______.

Answer 3

TECHNOLOGICAL:
- used as a guide in testing a new design

SCIENTIFIC:
- synthesize a structure-function relation based on universally accepted knowledge
- attempts to describe a system

Question 4

USES of a model (5)

Answer 4

1. simplification
2. better visualization for better understanding/analyzation
3. represents a broad concept to be used to investigate more specific problems
4. formulation of hypothesis
5. provides a logical framework of analysis

Question 5

OSMOSIS VS DIFFUSION in terms of
1) definition
2) medium used

Answer 5

O: Type of diffusion that focuses on MOVEMENT OF SOLVENT MOLECULES that cause cell change thru a SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE

D: movement of a substance from HIGH concentrations to LOW concentrations thru ANY medium

Question 6

OSMOTIC CONCENTRATION definition

Answer 6

of dissolved particles/solute per L (mol/L)

Question 7

OSMOTIC CONCENTRATION FOR EACH:

1. Hypoosmotic medium
2. Isoosmotic medium
3. Hyperosmotic medium

Answer 7

1. Medium has lower osmotic concentration than cell
2. Medium has equal osmotic concentration than cell
3. Medium has higher osmotic concentration than cell

Question 8

Definition of OSMOTIC POTENTIAL & OSMOTIC (TURGOR) PRESSURE

Answer 8

OP = Attraction of solute molecules to water

OTP = more solutes = more collisions = more pressure

Question 9

TYPES of OSMOTIC medium

Answer 9

1. Hypoosmotic medium
2. Isoosmotic medium
3. Hyperosmotic medium

Question 10

Hypoosmotic vs Hypotonic
Isoosmotic vs Isotonic
Hyperosmotic vs Hypertonic

Answer 10

osmotic = based on osmotic concentrations
tonic = based on general tonicity

Question 11

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

no net movement

Answer 11

Isoosmotic

Question 12

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

no cell shape/size change in Human Cells

Answer 12

Isoosmotic

Question 13

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

Cytolysis

Answer 13

Hypoosmotic

Question 14

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

no cell shape/size in Plant Cells

Answer 14

Hypoosmotic

Question 15

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

crenation

Answer 15

Hyperosmotic

Question 16

WHAT TYPE OF OSMOTIC MEDIUM

plasmolysis

Answer 16

Hyperosmotic

Question 17

Why was DM bag used as a tangible model for the cell membrane? (2)

Answer 17

1. pore size (10-100A)
2. detection of particle movement is possible

Question 18

SET UP 1

Beaker: dH20
DM Bag: 60% glucose

1. Weight change in DM bag
2. Test readings in a) beaker and b) DM bag
3. What test and what color

Answer 18

DM bag increase weight

a) +
b) + +

Benedict’s solution

Absence: Blue
Presence: Green -> Yellow -> Orange -> Red

Question 19

SET UP 2

Beaker: dH20
DM Bag: 10% NaCl

1. Weight change in DM bag
2. Test readings in a) beaker and b) DM bag
3. What test and what color

Answer 19

DM bag increase weight

a) +
b) + +

Silver Nitrate solution

Absence: Clear
Presence: White Precipitation

Question 20

SET UP 3

Beaker: dH20
DM Bag: 1% Starch

1. Weight change in DM bag
2. Test readings in a) beaker and b) DM bag
3. What test and what color

Answer 20

No change

a) -
b) + +

I2KI test

Absence: Yellow
Presence: Blue/Black

Question 21

SET UP 4

Beaker: 10% NaCl
DM Bag: 60% glucose

1. Weight change in DM bag
2. Test readings in a) beaker and b) DM bag

Answer 21

DM bag increase weight

Benedicts’ Solution
a) +
b) + +

Silver Nitrate solution
a) + +
b) +

Question 22

SET UP 5 Beaker

Beaker: dH2O + HCl
DM Bag: dH2O

1. Initial pH reading
2. Final pH reading

Answer 22

a) Acidic
b) Basic

a) Acidic
b) Acidic