Introduction to Ophthalmology

Question 1

Anterior chamber exam important when

Answer 1

Thinking about dilating

Make sure it is not shallow

Question 2

Mydriatics and sympathomimetics

Answer 2

Myd - tropicamide, cyclopentolate, atropine…inhibit constrictor

Sympatho - phenyleprhine…activate dilator

use combo of tropicamiude and phenyleprhine

Question 3

Kinetic test

Answer 3

Moving points of light of different size and luminance

Question 4

Static visual fields

Answer 4

Patient views stationary that increase in luminance unti lperceived

Question 5

Retrochiasmal defects will always

Answer 5

Respect the vertical midline

More posterior means more congruent

Question 6

Comitant strabismus

Answer 6

Eyes track together

Question 7

Paralytic wstrabismus

Answer 7

Deviation changes in magnitude depending on the gaze

Question 8

Esotropia
Exotropia
Hypertropia
Hypotropia

Answer 8

Cross eye
Wall eye
Deviate down
Deviate up

Question 9

Cover test for strabismus

Answer 9

Look for the strabismus to correct when unaffected eye covered

Question 10

INfantile esotropia

Answer 10

4-6 months

Surgery

Question 11

Astigmatism
Myopia
Hyperopia

Answer 11

Correct with cylindrical lens
Near-sighted…correct iwht concave
Far sighted…correct iwth convex

Question 12

Accommodative esotropia

Answer 12

2-4 yrs
Associated with high hyperopic refractive error
Correct with glasses

Question 13

Abducens palsy

Answer 13

Horizontal diplopia
Limited abduction
Incomitant esotropia….deivation increases as muscle tried to be used

Question 14

Trochlear palsy

Answer 14

Vertical diplopia
Head tilt away from eye
Small ipsi hypertropia

Question 15

3rd nerve palsy

Answer 15

Complete pstosis
Down and out
Dilated pupil

Question 16

Efferent pupillary defect cause

Answer 16

3rd nerve palsy

Question 17

Affarent pupillary defect cause

Answer 17

Optic nerve atrophy
Retinal detachment
Retinal artery occlusion

Question 18

Vascular supply of optic nerve

Answer 18

Central retinal arteyr and vein enter on nasal side

Cilioretinal artery from choroidal vasculature

Question 19

Gluacoma findings

Answer 19

Optic nerve cupping
Increased intraocular pressure
visual field loss

Question 20

Open angle glaucoma and tx

Answer 20

Painless, progressive loss of vision

Tx with argon laser trabeculoplasty - laser bruns to trabecular meshwork
Filatration surgery/tube shunt in scler

Question 21

Closed glaucoma

Answer 21

SHallow anterior chamber angle leads to impeded flow of aqueous humor through the pupil

Question 22

Gonioscopy

Answer 22

Allows view of AC angle

Question 23

Symptoms of closure glaucoma

Answer 23

Blurred vison with halos and pain…N/V

Question 24

What to look for in closure glaucoma

Answer 24

Red eye with corneal haze

Tx with iridotomy

Question 25

Diabetic retinopathy visual impariment and tx

Answer 25

Macular edema, neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment

Anti-VEGF

Question 26

Retinal detachment

Answer 26

Separation of retina from pigment epithelium due to retinal tear allowing fluid beneath the retina

Question 27

Retinoblastoma

Answer 27

White pupil and decreased vision

Great prognosis