Cortex 1 Flashcards
Allocortex
Neocortex
Subcortical structures
Allo - less than 6 layers…hippocampus, piriform, cerebellar
Neo cortex - new
Subcortical - have no distinct layers
Superior temporal sulcus lines up with
Lateral can help ID
Angular gyrus
Supramarginal gyrus
Superior and inferior parietal lobules
Superior - higher sensory signals
Inferior - integrative language (LEft) and integrative spatial attention (right)
Cingulate sulcus becomes
Marginal sulcus
Orbital artery
Frontopolar artery
Callosomarginal artery
Pericallosal artery
Medial portion of orbitofrontal
Medial portion of frontal
Medial of frontal and parietal
Medial of frontal and parietal plus corpus callosum
All from anteriror that runs in long fissure
Lateral orbitofrontal Anterior and posteiro parietal Angular Anterior, middle, and posterior temporal Precentral and central
Lateral of orbitofrontal
Lateral parietal lobe
Parts of angular and supramarginal gyrus
Lateral temporal lobe
Lateral of frontal
All from middle that runs in lateral fissure
MCA and ACA deep branches
PCA deep branches
MCA - mid of BG and posterior IC
ACA - rostral BG and anterior IC
Thalamus and hypothalamus (subcortcial areas)
PCA supplies
MB, inferior and medial temporal, and occipital
Projection tracts
Association tracts
COmmimssural tracts
Corticospinal, corticonucleuar, corticostriatal, thalamocortical
COnnect cortical in same hemisphere
Connect across hemispheres
SLF
Arcuate fasciculus
Uncinate fasciculus
IFOF
Which project ot entorhinal
Frontal - parietal (superior longitudinal fasciuclus)
Wenicke to broca
Temporal pole to orbitofrontal
Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus - occipital to frontal
SLF, uncinate and IFOF
Anterior commissure and corpus callosum
AC - L and R amygdalas and other anteiro temporal lobe
CC - has mulltiple sections
Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium of CC
Ventral prefrontal
Other prefrontal
Posteriro frontal and anterior parietal (motor and senosry cortex)
POsterial parietal, posterior temporal and occipital
Primary motor
Primary sensory
Primary visual
Primary auditory
Functions and BAs
precentral gyrus, voluntayr mvmt (4)
Postcentral gyrus…body and face sense (1,2,3)
Lingual gyrus and cuneus surrounding calcarine (17)
Tvs gyri of Heschl (41,42)
Anterior limb of IC
Proprioceptive between VA/VL and motor cortex
Limbic between anterior and mediodorsal nuclei and frontal lobe
Genu of IC
Corticonuclear tracts
posteior rlimb of IC
Sensorimotor
Ascending somatosensory to primary sensory cortex
Desceding motor to spinal cord (lateral corticospinal tract)
Sublenticula and retrolenticular limb of IC
Sub - auditory from MGN to auditory cortex
Retro - visual from LGN to visual corte
Ventral anterior nucleus
Signals to motor cortex from thalamus regarding muslce tone and contraction force
GPi (via lenticular fasciulus) —- VA (anterior limb of IC) – motor cortex
Ventral lateral nucleus
VL relays signals to motor cortex related to muscle length
Interpose of cerebellum —- medulla — VL (anterior limb of IC) —- motor cortex
Medial geniculate nucleus
Input from inferiro colliculus
Output - info regarding freq and sound to Heschl’s gyri
LGN
Input from retina via optic tract
Output to primary visual cortex
Premotor Sensory associated Visual association Auditory association Frontal eye fields
Function and BA
Motor progrma for complex actions (6)
Higher sensory signals (like texture) related to touch (5,7)
Basic visual features into complex patterns (obejects, faces, letters) (18,19)
Wernicke’s area…processes peech sounds (22)
Control of gaze and saccades (8)
INferior parietal lobule Broca's area Semantics Emotiona lcontrol Working memory Exec control
Functions and BA
Integrate auditory and visual language inputs (39,40)
Sequences and arrange auditory and visual language output (44,45)
Storehouse of learned knowledge about world (37, 20-22. 28)
(32, 23,24, 29)
Mainting short time info (9,46)
Problem solving, complex behavior and suppression of habituatual responses (10,11,47)
EMotiona control and thalamus
Mediodorsla nucleus of thalamus (via anterior IC) —- orbitofrontal cortex
Regulates behavior
Cognitive control and thalamus
Mediodorsal (anterior limb of IC) to DLPFC
Enable top-down exec functions
Language dominance of left
PLanum temporale is large in the left
Basic language network
Auditory sends to Wenicke’s area…Wernickes and visual association cortex send to IPL…IPL links together…Broca’s receives these codes via arcuate fasciculus…activates mout hand tongue region and also to hnd regions
Wernickes aphasia
Broacs aphasia
Conduction aphasia
BAs and arteries
22,39, 40…cannot process…caudal MCA that also affects IPL
44,45…fluency decrease…rostral MCA
Lesion of arcuate fasciculus…cannot repeat words
Alexia
Reduced ability to read wirtten language
Isolated lesion of inferior parietal lobule without damage to Wernick;es
Lesion to temporal pole is associated with surface alexia (can
‘t read colonel, island, pint)
Brocas homologue
Wernicke homologue
IPL (on right)
Occipitotemporal cortex
Prosodic production
Prosodic comprehension
Spatial attention
Face recognition (can reslt in prospagnosia)
Spatial hemi-neglect
Caudal MCA damage
Lesion of the right parietal lobe causes people to ignore left space…this does not work the other way aroudn
Spatial hemi-neglect test findings
Will only draw lines htorugh stars on one side
Cannot copy or spontaneously draw
