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Neuro 3 > Diencephalon > Flashcards

Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Embryological - diencephalon

A

Prosencephalon

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2
Q

Hypothalamus anatomy and boundaries

A

Surrounding 3rd ventricle…almina terminalis, hypothalamus sulcu, pituitary and midbrain

Medial and lateral divided by fornix

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3
Q

Fornix connects

A

Hypothalamus to hippocampus

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4
Q

Preoptic region structurs and function

A

Suprachiasmatic
Supraoptic
Paraventrciular
Preoptic nuclei

Suprachiasmatic involved in cricadian rhythams

Reflex for thirst ad nparturition and heat/cold detection

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5
Q

post vs anterior pituiary

A

Posterior is neurohypophysis that is a part of hypothalamus

Anterior is adenohypophysis that is a gland

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6
Q

Preoptic hypothalamus and posterior pituiary path

A

Paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei synthesize vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin…hormones transmitted to posterior poiuitary along the supraopticohypophyseal tract

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7
Q

2 important circumventricular organs

A

organ vasculusom - osmoreceptors (increase results in depolarization)

Median eminence - temperuature

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8
Q

Thirst reflex pathway (example when too high)

A

Tonicity too high…sensed by organ vasculusom…preoptic nuclei release ADH into blood stream

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9
Q

Parturition reflex pathway

A

Pressure on cervix…preoptic neurons release oxytocin…positive feedback loop with contractions of cervix…similar from mmary glands from suckling

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10
Q

Tuberal region structures and function

A

Dorsomedial
Ventromedial
Arcuate

Hunger/satiety

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11
Q

Tuberal hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

A

Arcuate contains neursecretory cells that synthesize signaling hormones…transported along tuberinfundibular tract to anterior pituitary…can increase or decrease production of specific anteiror pituiary hormones

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12
Q

Hormones of anterior pituiary

A

ACTH (cortisol - symp)
TSH (metab)
GH (bone frowth)
LH/FSH - reproductive and testosterone

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13
Q

Feeding path general

A

Lateral area is feeding center (NPY)

Ventromedial is satiety center (POMC_

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14
Q

Feeding when hungry

A

Declining fat stores stimulate release of more ghrelin and less leptin…ghrelin binds NPY of arcuate nucleus…excitatory to lateral and inhibtory to medial

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15
Q

Feeding when full

A

More lepti nand less ghrelin released…leptin binds POMC in arcuate…excitatory to ventromedial and inhibitory to lateral

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16
Q

Mamillary region (caudal)

A

Sympathetic functions and some memory (mammillary)

17
Q

Autonomics of hypothalamus and 3 major tracts

A

Anterior-medial - parasynpathetic
Posteiror - lateral - sympathetci

DLF
hypothalamo-spinal tract
Medial froebrain bundle

18
Q

Inputs to hypothalamus regarding autonomic pathways

A

Septal region via medial forebrain bundle
Amygdala via stria terminalis
Hippocampus via fornix

Mostly based on emotional state

19
Q

Para vs. symp at skin

A

No parasympathetic innervation at skin so must use sympathetic

20
Q

Temp pathway general

A

Preoptic region contains head and cold sensitive neurons

21
Q

When temp decrease

A

Cold sensitive neurons signal posterior hypothalamis centers for shivering and constriction of skin vessels…excitatory connections with IML nuclei

22
Q

When temp increases

A

Heat sensitive neurons signal posterior hypothalamic centers for sweating…excitatory for IML related to sweat…inhibitory to skin vessel constriction

23
Q

Hypothalamus blood supply

A

Circle of willis

24
Q

Childhood weight disorders

A

underproduction of leptin can lead to obesity

Tx with synthetic leptin hormone

25
Q

Thalamus lateral group

A

Ventral posterior (VPL and VPM)
Ventral lateral
Ventral anterior

26
Q

POsteior thalamus

A

Pulvinar
Medial genicular
Lateral geniculate

27
Q

Medial, anterior intralaminar thalamus

A

Medial - mediodorsal
Anterior - anterior nuclus
Intralaminar group - centromedian reticular

All seaprated by internal medulalry lamina

28
Q

Thalamus functions

A

Specific relay - geniculates and lateral group

Non-specific association - mediodorsal and anterior nuclus…pulvinar

Non-sepcifci reticular - modify arousal and consciousness (intralaminar)

29
Q

VPL and VPM affarents

A

Spinothalamic and medial lemniscus paths

Sensory trigeminal nerve

30
Q

Anterior nucleus and medial dorsal affarents affarents

A

Reciprocal with limbic cortex

31
Q

VL and VA of thalamus affarents

A

VA - GP

VL - dentate (cerebellum)

Neuro 3 (31 decks)

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