Dementia: Alzheimer's Disease Flashcards
Most common symptom prior to and after diagnosis
Social withdrawl
Agitation
All auto dominant forms of AD lead to
Increased amyloid production
APP
ApoE
PS1
PS 2
Chromosome and what are they linked to?
fAD (21)
Late onset (19)
fAD(14)
fAD(1)
Other things that genetics could alter in AD
Cholesterol
Inflammation
Synapse function
Brain develoment
AD biomarkers
MRI - visualize neuron losss
CSF - measure B-amyloid and tau
FDG-PET look for hypometavbolism of sugars
What causes the symptoms?
The tangles from tau…NOT the plauqes
Progression of AD
pAD—-MCI—-AD
Amyloid plauqes Cell death (tau) Brain malfunction (PET) Brain shrinkage (MRI) Memory loss Functional loss
Difference between pAD, MCI, and AD
MCI will have cognitive decline whhile AD will have functional and cognitive decline
pAD can have amyloid plaques, tangles, brain atrophy but NOT decline
Diagnosis of dementia
Functional decline from previous level of function
NOT delirium
TWO or more cog domains affected
Reversible causes of dementia
Vascular Infection Trauma AI Metabolic Inflammatory Neoplams Seizure
Dementia vs. delirium
Dementia - level of consciousness is same…chronic (subacute)…static
Delirium - altered consciousness, acute/subacute…fluctuates
Probable AD
Positive for Abeta OR neuronal injury but NOT both
Intermediate biomarker probability
Definite and unlikely AD
Unlikely if both Abeta and injury neg
Definite if both Abeta and injury positive
3 structures to look at using MRI and what to use
HC
Entorhinal cortex
Perirhinal cortex
Use T2
Stages
0 - normal thickness and no widending of collateral
1 - slight decrease or mininaml widening or both
2 - mild decrease or mild widening or bioth
3- moderate decrease or both moderate decrease and widening
4- severe decrease or both severe decrease and widening of clalateeral
