Intro to Fluid Therapy Flashcards
What clinical findings present with 0-4% dehydration?
None
What clinical findings present with 4-6% dehydration?
Tacky mucous membranes
What clinical findings present with 6-8% dehydration?
Loss of skin turgor, dry MM
What clinical findings present with 8-10% dehydration?
Loss of skin turgor, dry MM, sunken eyes
What clinical findings present with 10-12% dehydration?
Persistent skin tent, dry MM, retracted globe, dull corneas, pulse deficits (hypovolaemia)
What should capillary refill time be with mild hypovolaemia?
<1 second
What will capillary refill time be with severe hypovolaemia?
> 2 seconds
What should pulse quality be with mild hypovolaemia?
Bounding, mild tachycardia
What will pulse quality be with severe hypovolaemia?
Poor quality, severe tachycardia in dogs and bradycardia in cats
Which crystalloids are isotonic?
Hartmann’s, lactated ringers, 0.9% NaCl (saline)
Which crystalloid fluid is hypertonic (and what is its effect)?
7.2% NaCl - draws water into the vasculature in hypovolaemic patients
Which crystalloid fluid is hypotonic (and what is its effect)?
0.45% NaCl (and 2.5% dextrose to protect against lysis of RBCs) - fluid moves into surrounding interstitial spaces (good for generalised dehydration)
What are colloid fluids?
Fluids containing large molecules that increase the osmotic pressure of plasma - they hold fluid in the intravascular space and increase volume
What is the routine maintenance rehydration value?
2ml/kg/hour
Equation for calculating fluid requirements to replace dehydration deficits
% dehydration x body weight (kg) x 10
