Intro

Question 1

What is the validity vs precision?

Answer 1

Validity = accuracy. correlation, prediction.
Precision = reliablility. pearsons r

Question 2

What is important in sports and nutrition research to increase validity and precision?

Answer 2

• dietary standardization
• exercise standardization

Question 3

Sports athletes usually have sufficient intake of micronutrients such as calcium, as they ..

Answer 3

increase their energy intake with increasing energy needs.

Question 4

(Sport) Supplements, a broad definition?

Answer 4

= A food, food component, nutrient, or non-food compound that is purposefully ingested in addition to the habitually consumed diet with the aim of achieving a specific health and/or performance benefit

Question 5

“Functional foods, foods enriched with additional nutrients or components outside typical nutrient composistion” belongs to

Answer 5

Sport nutrition products

Question 6

“Single nutrients and other components of foods or herbal products provided in isolated or concentrated forms” belongs to

Answer 6

dietary/ergogenic supplements

Question 7

“formulated foods and sport foods providing energy and nutrients in a more convenient form or for targeted use” belongs to

Answer 7

Sport nutrition products

Question 8

“Muti-ingredient products containing various combinations of those products described above that target similar outcomes” belongs to..

Answer 8

dietary/ergogenic supplements

Question 9

What is a simplistic scheme of human energy metabolism?

Answer 9

contraction/Ca-pump/Na-k pump -> ADP -> mito fuel oxidation -> ATP -> contraction/Ca…

Question 10

What are the three major energy systems in humans?

Answer 10

1. High energy phosphate system (PCr)
2. Anaerobic metabolism
3. Oxidative metabolism

Question 11

PCr: characteristics?

Answer 11

can donate phosphate to ADP to resynthesize ATP
* Limited amount of PCr in our bodies, can support exercise up to a few seconds. Highest rate
* Can increase size of this compartment with nutrition

Question 12

Oxidative metabolism is the …. system. What happens, roughly?

Answer 12

Largest
Ch, fat, amino acids, alcohol: broken down in TCA cycle, then ox phos to regenerate ATP.
–> requires oxygen, slow rate, endless energy

Question 13

Anaerobic metabolsim: characteristics?

Answer 13

 can very quickly resynthesize ATP, but: acidification. Intermediary rate

Question 14

Learn the schemes on page 4 (ox metabolism + ATP resyhnthese snelhied)

Answer 14

ok

Question 15

How long can PCr, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis last and when do they peak?

Answer 15

PCr: first 20 sec or so, high peak
glycolysis: few minutes, medium peak
Oxidative phosphorylation: can go on very long, no real ‘peak’, but declines after 90 min

Question 16

What does adrenaline do with blood glucose/FA?

Answer 16

• Blood glucose level increase: stimulates breakdown of glycogen. Release of fatty acids from the adipose tissue.

Question 17

Local factors: factors which reflect the ‘energy charge’ of the cell. Name a few.

Answer 17

● ATP/ADP; NADH/NAD+; AcetylCoA/CoA; AMP
● Ca2+
● H+

Question 18

Name some hormonal factors as well

Answer 18

● (nor)adrenalin
● Insulin/ glucagon
● growth hormone ; cortisol

Question 19

Definition of fatigue?

Answer 19

An increase in the perceived effort necessary to exert a desired force or power output, and the eventual inability to produce that force or power output.

Question 20

Two types of fatigue?

Answer 20

 Central fatigue (central NS)
 Peripheral fatigue (neural factors, mechanical factors, energy supply)