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Foundations Of Health Sciences > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system basics

A

Largest organ
4-5kg
1.2-2.2m^2
7% of body mass
Mostly 1-2mm thick
Thick skin - palms and soles (4-6mm)
Thin skin - hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Microbiome

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2
Q

Sloughing

A

Shedding dead surface cells
Circa 50,000 lost per minute
Outer layer replaces every 21-45 days

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3
Q

Epidermis - keratinocytes

A

Born deep in epidermis - basal layer
Produce keratin

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4
Q

Epidermis - melanocytes

A

Deepest layer of epidermis
Secrete melanin which is protective and transported to the keratinocytes to protect them from the sun

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5
Q

Epidermis - merkel cells

A

Specialised sensory cells
Light touch/textures

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6
Q

Epidermis - dendritic cells

A

Ingest invaders and foreign material
Antigen presenting cells
Activate immune defences of body

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7
Q

Epidermis layers - stratum basale

A

Deepest layer
One row off actively mitotic stem cells
Some cells become part of superficial layers
Some melanocytes and Merkel cells

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8
Q

Epidermis layers - stratum spinosum

A

Several layers of keratinocytes
Unified by desmosomes
Contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

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9
Q

Epidermis layers - stratum granulosum

A

One to five layers of flattened cells
Organelles deteriorating
Lamellar granules (releasing lipids)
Keratohyaline granules

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10
Q

Epidermis layers - stratum corneal

A

Most superficial layer
20-30 layers of dead cells
Flat membranous sacs filled with keratin
Glycolipids in extracellular spaces

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11
Q

Dermis layers - papillary layer

A

Made of areolar connective tissue
Interlaces with collagen and elastic fibres
Phagocytes move freely

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12
Q

Papillary layer - dermal papilae

A

Peg like projections indent the epidermis
Increase SA for diffusing nutrients
Enhance sense of fine touch
Increase sensitivity of nerve endings

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13
Q

Dermis layers - reticular layer

A

Made of dense irregular connective tissue
Thick bundles of interlacing collagen fibres to create a thick, tough layer

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14
Q

Sweat glands - eccrine

A

Temperature control
Antibacterial properties
Secretion - hypotonic filtrate of blood plasma
Exit duct at skin surface
Location - everywhere, especially palms, soles, forehead

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15
Q

Sweat glands - apocrine

A

Sexual scent glands
Secretion - filtrate of blood plasma with added proteins and fatty substances
Exit duct at the upper part of hair follicle
Location - axillary and anogenital regions

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16
Q

Sweat glands - sebaceous

A

Lubricate skin and hair
Helps prevent water loss
Antibacterial properties
Secretion - sebum (oily)
Exit duct at upper part of hair follicle, sometimes at skin surface
Location - everywhere except palms and soles

17
Q

Skin functions - protection (physical barrier)

A

Stratum corneum - multiple layer of dead cells
Acid mantle and chemicals ward off bacterial invasion.
Water resistant glycolipids blocks water-soluble substances

18
Q

Skin functions - protection (chemical barrier)

A

Low pH - acid mantle stops bacteria
Dermcidin in sweat and bacterial substances in sebum kill bacteria antibiotics - defensins
Wounded skin releases cathelicidins to prevent infection
Melanin provides shield to prevent UV damage

19
Q

Skin functions - temperature regulation

A

Increase - vasodilation, eccrine sweat glands
Decrease - vasoconstriction, erector pilli, muscle contraction

20
Q

Skin functions - cutaneous sensation

A

Receptors - respond to stimuli
Meissner’s corpuscles - sensory nerve endings, aware of caresses
Pacinian corpuscles - deep pressure
Hair follicle receptors - vibrations
Free nerve endings - senses painful stimuli

21
Q

Skin functions - non-verbal communication

A

Blushing - vasodilation, increase blood flow, cooling, emotions
Pheromones - apocrine sweat glands secrete oily substances during sexual moments
Body odour/stress odour

22
Q

Thick, non-hairy skin - stratum lucidum

A

Thin
Translucent
Superficial to the stratum granulosum
2-3 rows of flat dead keratinocytes
Thickens skin
Contains eccrine sweat glands

23
Q

Skin colour - haemoglobin

A

Pinkish hue
Crimson pigment in erythrocytes
Dermal capillaries

24
Q

Skin colour - melanin

A

Reddish yellow to brownish black
Transported by melanocytes to keratinocytes to protect them

25
Q

Skin colour - carotene

A

Yellow to orange pigment found in plant
Converts into vitamin A in the body which id essential to normal vision and epidermal health

26
Q

Abnormal colouration - cyanosis

A

Poor circulation

27
Q

Abnormal colouration - jaundice

A

Liver disease
Bilirubin

28
Q

Abnormal colouration - pallor

A

Blood diverted to internal organs
White sheet

29
Q

Abnormal colouration - albinism

A

Lack of melanocytes

30
Q

Abnormal colouration - Haematoma

A

Breakdown products of haemoglobin

Foundations Of Health Sciences (13 decks)

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